i 
y 


PROPOSED RULES 


Construction, Installation, Inspection 


and Maintenance of Steam Boilers 


STATE OF NEW YORK 


DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 


STATE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION 
ALBANY 


NEW YORK OFFICE, 230 FIFTH AVENUE 


BUREAU OF INDUSTRIAL CODE 
230 Fifth Avenue, New York City 


PUBLIC HEARINGS WILL BE HELD AS FOLLOWS: 


BUFFALO | UTICA 
Monday, April 9th, 10:00 A. M. Thursday, April 12th, 9:30 A. M. 
Room 225, Chamber of Commerce Chamber of Commerce 
ROCHESTER ALBANY 


Friday, April 13th, 10:00 A. M. 
Chamber of Commerce, Arkay Building 


NEW YORK CITY 


Tuesday, April 10th, 10:00 A. M. 


Chamber of Commerce 


SYRACUSE Tuesday, April 17th, 10:00 A. M. 
Wednesday, April 11th, 10:00 A. M. Bureau of Industrial Code, 
City Hall 230 Fifth Ave., Room 2015 


Copies of these proposed rules can be had by applying to the Bureau of Industrial Code, 
230 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 


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BOILER CODE 


STaTE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION 


Rules for the construction, installation, inspection and mainte- 
nance of steam boilers as provided in sections 91 and 124 of the Labor 
Law. | 
Section 91. Boiler inspection. The commissioner of labor shall 
cause to be inspected all boilers used for generating steam or heat 
for factory purposes which carry a steam pressure of ten pounds 
or more to the square inch, except where a@ certificate is filed with 
such commissioner, or shall have been heretofore filed with the 
state fire marshal under the provisions of former section three 
hundred anf fifty-seven of the insurance law, by a duly authorized 
insurance company, in conformity with the rules or regulations 
of the officer with whom such certificate shall have been féled, and 
certifying that upon such inspection such boilers have been found 
to be in a safe condition. Every such insurance company shall 
report to the commissioner all boilers insured by them coming 
within the provisions of this section tncluding those rejected, together 
with the reason therefor. A fee of five dollars shall be charged the 
owner or lessee of each boiler inspected by the inspector of the 
department of labor, but not more than the sum of ten dollars shall 
be collected for the inspection of any one borler for any year. Such 
fee shall be payable within thirty days from the date of such inspec- 
tion. If a certificate of inspection, heretofore filed in the office 
of the state fire marshal, or hereafter filed an the office of the com- 
missioner of labor shows a boiler to be in need of repairs or in an 
unsafe or dangerous condition, the commissioner of labor shall 
order such repairs to be made to such boiler as in his judgment 
may be necessary and he shall order the use of such boiler discon- 
tinued until such repairs are made or such dangerous and unsafe 
conditions remedied. Such order shall be served upon the owner 
or lessee of the boiler, personally or by mail, and any owner or 
lessee failing to comply with such order within a time to be specified 
therein, which shall be not less than ten days from the service of 
the order af served personally and not less than fifteen days from 
the mailing thereof if served by mail, shall be liable to a penalty 
of fifty dollars for each day’s neglect thereafter. Every owner or 
lessee of any such boiler who shall use or allow a botler to be used 
by any one in his employ after recewing notice that such boiler 
is in an unsafe or dangerous condition shall be subject to a penalty 
of not to exceed fe dollars for each day on which such borler zs 
used after the receipt of such notice. Owners and lessees of boilers 
shall attach to such bowlers the numbers assigned by the commis- 


2 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE AM.SOC.ME. 


sioner of labor, under a penalty of five dollars for each day’s failure 
so to do after such numbers have been assigned. 

The provisions of this section shall not apply to cities in which 
bowlers are regularly inspected by competent inspectors acting under 
the authority of local laws or ordinances. 

§ 124. Inspection of steam boilers and apparatus; steam, air 
and water gauges. All boilers used in generating steam for mining 
or tunneling purposes shall be kept in good order, and the 
owner, agent, manager or lessee of such mine or tunnel shall have 
such boilers inspected by a competent person, approved by the 
commissioner of labor, once in six months, and shall file a certificate 
showing the result thereof in the mine or tunnel office and a duplicate 
thereof in the office of the commissioner of labor. *  * * Each 
boiler or battery of boilers used in mining or tunneling for gener- 
ating steam, shall be provided with a proper safety valve and with 
steam and water gauges, to show respectively, the pressure of steam 
and the height of water in the boilers. Every boiler-house in which 
a boiler or nest of boilers 1s placed, shall be provided with steam 
gauge properly connected with the boilers, and another steam 
gauge shall be attached to the steam pipe in the engine-house, and 
so placed that the engineer or fireman can readily ascertain the 
pressure carried. 


Rule 800. All boilers used for generating steam or heat for fac- 
tory purposes, shall be subject to a regular internal and external 
inspection each year, and all boilers used for generating steam or 
heat for mining, tunneling and quarrying purposes, shall be inspected 
externally at least once in six months and subject to a regular internal 
Ua aW each year. 


Rule 801. Whoever owns, uses or causes to be used a portable 
boiler subject to inspection, as provided in sections 91 and 124 of 
the Labor Law, shall report the location of such boilers to the Indus- 
trial Commission on J anuary first, or within thirty days thereafter, 
of each year. 


Rule 802. The owner or user of a boiler or boilers herein required 
to be inspected shall, after fifteen days notice, prepare the boiler 
for internal inspection, or hydrostatic pressure test, 1f necessary. 
To prepare a boiler for internal inspection, the water shall be drawn 
off and the boiler thoroughly washed. All manhole and handhole 
covers, and washout plugs in boilers and water column connection 
shall be removed, and the furnace and combustion chambers thor- 
oughly cooled and cleaned. Enough of the brick work shall be 
removed to determine the condition of the boiler, furnace or other 
parts, at. each annual inspection, if necessary. The steam gauge 
shall be removed for testing. 


BOILER CODE 3 


Rule 803. If it is found that steam or hot water is leaking into the 
boiler, the source of such leakage shall be disconnected and so drained 
as to cut out such steam or hot water from the boiler to be inspected. 


Rule 804. If the boiler is jacketed so that the longitudinal seams 
_ of shells, drums or domes, cannot be seen, and if it cannot otherwise 
be determined, enough of the jacketing, setting wall or other cover- 
ing shall be removed so that the size and pitch of the rivets and 
such other data as may be necessary can be determined at first data 
inspection. 


Rule 805. In preparing a boiler for hydrostatic test, the boiler 
shall be filled to the stop valve. If boiler to be tested is connected 
with other boilers, that are under steam pressure, such connections 
shall be blanked off unless there be double stop valves on all con- 
necting pipes, with an open drain between. 


: _ INSPECTION BY INSURANCE COMPANY 


Rule 806. All boilers subject to periodic inspection by duly 
authorized insurance companies shall be exempt from regular annual 
inspection by the Industrial Commission on the following conditions: 


a.The insurance companies’ regulations shall conform with these 
Rules. 


b. The insurance companies’ inspectors who inspect. boilers oper- 
ated in this state shall hold certificates of competency issued 
by the Industrial Commission, as hereinafter provided. 


ce. Reports of all inspections shall conform to the requirements, 
and shall be made upon forms approved by the Commission. 


d. A copy of all internal and external inspection reports shall be 
' filed with the Commission within twenty-one days after the 
inspection is made. 


'e. Insurance companies, whose Pe nantih hold certificates of com- 
petency, shall immediately report to this Commission the 
name of the owner or user, and the location of every boiler 
on which insurance has been refused, cancelled or discon- 
tinued because of existing dangerous defects and shall within 
a reasonable time report all other refusals, cancellations or 
discontinuances. 


CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY 


Rule 807. Cer tificates of competency and commissions as inspec- 
tors of steam boilers shall be issued to persons in the employ of duly 
authorized boiler insurance companies who pass a written examina- 
tion as to their knowledge of the construction, installation, main- 
tenance and repair of steam boilers and their appurtenances. 


4 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE AM.SOC.ME, 


Provided, however, that a person holding a certificate of com- 
petency as an inspector of steam boilers for a state that has a standard 
of examination equal to the standard set by the Industrial Com- 
mission of the State of New York, shall, upon written request of a 
duly authorized boiler insurance company, by whom such person 
is employed, be granted a certificate of competency and a commis- 
sion as an inspector of steam boilers for the State of New York 
without further examination. The commission shall be retained by 
the insurance company and shall be immediately returned to the 
Industrial Commission when the inspector ceases to be employed 
by the said company. Inspectors’ certificate shall be issued by the 
Industrial Commission upon recommendation of an examining board 
appointed by the Industrial Commission, composed of one repre- 
sentative of each of the following interests: a representative of boiler | 
manufacturers, the duly authorized boiler insurance companies, the 
operating engineers, the Boiler Inspection Division of the Industrial 
Commission, and such others as the Industrial Commission may 
designate. 


Rule 808. An applicant who fails to pass an examination shall 
not be granted a new examination until after the expiration of ninety 
days. 


GENERAL 


Rule 809. A certificate of inspection upon the form approved 
by the Industrial Commission shall be issued and shall be con- 
spicuously posted under glass in the engine or boiler room. 


Rule 810. In case a defect affecting the safety of a steam boiler 
is discovered, the owner or user of the boiler shall immediately dis- 
continue the boiler from service and notify the Industrial Commis- 
sion. An inspection shall be made and a certificate of inspection 
issued before the boiler is again placed in service. 


Rule 811. Any boiler in this state at the time these rules take 
effect, if hereafter installed, may be operated after a thorough internal 
and external inspection and a hydrostatic pressure test and a cer- 
tificate issued. ‘The maximum allowable working pressure on such 
boiler shall be determined as provided in Par. 378, Rule 850. 


Rule 812. No boiler shall be operated at a pressure in excess of 
the safe working pressure allowed by the annual inspection certificate, 
which pressure is to be ascertained by means of these rules. 


Rule 813. No person shall remove or tamper with any safety 
appliance prescribed by these rules, and no person shall in any man- 
ner load the safety valve to greater pressure than that allowed by 
the certificate of inspection. 


Rule 814. If there are valves in the connections between water 
column and boiler, at least one steam gage shall be connected directly 


BOILER CODE 


oT 


to steam space of boiler, with but one cock between said gage and 
boiler. 


Rule 815. The discharge of safety valves, blow-off pipes, or other 
outlets, shall be so located that there will be no danger from scalding. 


Rule 816. Safety valves, try cocks, water column and water 
blow-offs on boilers, operated at a pressure of more than fifteen (15) 
pounds to the square inch, shall be tested daily when the boiler 
is in operation. 


Rule 817. All patches on a boiler shell or drum, which exceed 
twenty-four inches in length, measured on a line parallel to the 
longitudinal seam, and between the center lines of the extreme 
rivet holes, shall be calculated for safe working pressure from said 
patch seam, the efficiency of which shall be determined in the usual 
manner. ‘The efficiency of the patch seam may then be increased 
by multiplying said efficiency by a factor which is determined by 
the angularity of the inclined patch seam to the girth seam, , according 
to the following table: 


Angle Factor Angle Factor 
DUP IOR BOR fe en teens alone ToL) ou degrees ahaiidy AIR Rae R ck a pk eM 2 ORS 1.20 
35 Sons Bile eRe er aera UC ase Ee aR LCs 5 ete ie Weal neh Dina aa | Bee he ta aa Bs 1. 15 
40 “RUGS es LO Wh RNR oe ea 1.34. 60 SUP gil ar 5! MANN aN IN, ee 1.11 
45 ie EA CN ae Th Oo PUL os UCT UE RMD Ne 1.08 


Rule 818. A table of areas of grate surfaces, in square feet for 
other than direct spring-loaded safety valves, follows: 


Maximum Pressure Allowed Per Zero to 
Square Inch on the Boiler 25 Lbs. 


Over 25 to Over 50 to 
50 Lbs. 100. Lbs. 


Diameter of Valve, | Area of Valve, in 


eS Tenia Sauate Inehes Area of Grate, in Square Feet 
1 . 7854. 1.50 LS75 2.00 
1i M2272 220 2.50 3.00 
14 LOL 3.00 Seo 4.00 
2 3.1416 5.50 6.50 7.25 
24 4.9087 8.25 10.00 11.00 
3 7.0686 11.75 14.25 16.00 
34 9.6211 16.00 19.50 21:75 
4 12.5660 21.00 25.50 28.25 
44 15.9040 26.75 32.50 36.00 
5 19.6350 32.795 40.00 44.00 


6 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE AM.SOC.ME, 


Rule 819. A table of areas of grate surfaces, in square feet, for 
direct spring-loaded safety valves, follows: 


75 100 160 160 200 240 
w= —— ns = =—=——_—_——. as 
3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 
Psi hz 1) GS Pe= BES P= i120 P= ,190 P= 240 
A=.401 Sa (RIG ON AS OO Asa 244) i Ae Sie 
Maximum Pressure Zero Over 25 Over 50 Over 100 | Over 150 Over 
allowed per Square to 25 to 50 to 100 to 150 to 200 200 
Inch on the Boiler Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds 
Diameter Area of 
of Valve, Valve, in . Area of Grate, in Square Feet 
in Inches Square 
Inches 
1 7854 2.00 PAs 0 2D. 3225 3.5 Boho 
13 hui ite 4.00 4,25 5.00 tava Avo 
13 1.7671 4.50 5.50 6.00 C20 8.0 8.50 
2 3.1416 8.00 9.75 10.75 13.00 14.0 15.00 
23 . 4.9087 12.50 15.00 16.50 20.00 22.0 23.00 
3 7.0686 breeds 21.50 24.00 29 .00 ohyS 33,25 
34 9.6211 24.00 29.50 oe D0 39.50 43.0 45225 
4 12.5660 31.50 38.25 42.50 51.50 56.0 59.00 
44 15.9040 40.00 48 .50 53.50 65.00 71.0 74.25 
5 19.6350 49.00 60.00 66.00 80.00 88.0 92.25 


| 


Rule 820. When the conditions exceed those on which the table 
(Rule 819) is based, the following formula shall be used: 


W 70 
Aa ——— <A 
B 


A = Area of direct spring-loaded safety-valve in square inches per 
square foot of grate surface. 


W = Weight of water in pounds evaporated per square foot of 
grate surface per second. 


P = Pressure (absolute) at which the safety valve is set to blow. 


If more than one safety valve is used, the minimum combined 
area shall be in accordance with the table. 


_ Rule 821. All boilers declared unsafe and condemned after an 
inspection by the chief boiler inspector, shall be designated by XX, 
with an arrow head on each side, as shown by the following fac- 


simile <3 X c=, stamped thereon. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS 
PART I—SECTION I 
POWER BOILERS 


(Paragraphs 1 to 334, inclusive, shall become effective six months 
after the adoption of these rules.) 


RULE 850 


SELECTION OF MATERIALS 


1 Specifications are given in these Rules for the important ma- 
terials used in the construction of boilers, and where given, the ma- 
terials shall conform thereto. 


2% Steel plates for any part of a boiler when exposed to the fire 
or products of combustion, and under pressure, shall be of firebox 
quality as designated in the Specifications for Boiler Plate Steel. 


3 Steel plates for any part of a boiler, where firebox quality is 
not specified, when under pressure, shall be of firebox or flange quality 
as designated in the Specifications for Boiler Plate Steel. 


4 Braces when welded, shall be of wrought-iron of the quality 
designated in the Specifications for Refined Wrought-Iron Bars. 


5 Manhole and handhole covers and other parts subjected to pres- 
sure and braces and lugs, when made of steel plate, shall be of firebox 
or flange quality as designated in the Specifications for Boiler Plate 
Steel. 


6 Steel bars for braces and for other boiler parts, except as other- 
wise specified herein, shall be of the quality designated in the Specifi- 
cations for Steel Bars. 


ny 


| i Staybolts shall be of iron or steel of the quality designated in 
_ the Specifications for Staybolt Iron or in the Specifications for Stay- 
bolt Steel. 


8 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.H, 


8 Rivets shall be of steel or iron of the quality designated in the 
Specifications for Boiler Rivet Steel or in the Specifications for Boiler 
Rivet Iron. 


9 Cross pipes connecting the steam and water drums of water- 
tube boilers, headers and cross boxes and all pressure parts of the boiler 
proper over 2-in. pipe size, or equivalent cross-sectional area, shall be 
of wrought steel, or cast steel of Class B grade, as designated in the 
Specifications for Steel Castings, when the maximum allowable work- 
ing pressure exceeds 160 lb. per sq. in. 


10 Mud drums of boilers used for other than heating purposes 
shall be of wrought steel, or cast steel of Class B grade, as designated 
in the Specifications for Steel Castings. 


11 Pressure parts of superheaters, separately fired or attached to 
stationary boilers, unless of the locomotive type, shall be of wrought 
steel, or cast steel of Class B grade, as designated in the Specifications 
for Steel Castings. 


12 Cast iron shall not be used for boiler and superheater mount- 
ings, such as nozzles, connecting pipes, fittings, valves and their bon- 
nets, for steam temperatures of over 450 deg. fahr. 


13 Water-lez and door-frame rings of vertical fire-tube boilers 
36 in. or over in diameter, and of locomotive and other type boilers, 
shall be of wrought iron or steel, or cast steel of Class B grade, as 
designated in the Specifications for Steel Castings. he O G or other 
flanged construction may be used as a substitute in any case. . 


ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF MATERIAL USED IN COMPUTING JOINTS 


14 Tensile Strength of Steel Plate. The tensile strength used 
_ in the computations for steel plates shall be that stamped on the plates 
as herein provided, which is the minimum of the stipulated range, or 
55,000 lbs. per sq. in. for all steel plates, except for aie grades 
having a lower tensile strength. 


15 Crushing Strength of Steel Plate. ‘The resistance to crush- 
ing of steel plate shall be taken at 95,000 lb. per sq. in. of cross-sec- 
tional area. 


16 Strength of Rivets in Shear. In computing the ultimate 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I. SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 9 


strength of rivets in shear, the following values in pounds per square 
inch of the cross-sectional area of the rivet shank shall be used: 


Terence IN SINGS BNCATY, \ ns Guhvctce Stee. 6's cately'd aspects esol sas} ¥ 38,000 
PEGE PVatsatt) COUDIOTENOAT Lis [aie kS Pa) alin ales Wel debian ula: «WA slidla (oho a dietalldh a . 76,000 
MERU EPG PIT RTP IG BUOCAT chs saw yh sek eta t< 5 «140 ald» Mee lre site 4 onto 44,000 
Pteel-rivets in double:shear. ... i005 054 4.50 ee ORR ABUL DS ER CA TU 88,000 


The cross-sectional area used in the computations shall be that of 
the rivet shank after driving. 


Minimum THICKNESSES OF PLATES AND TUBES 


1% Thickness of Plates. The minimum thickness of any boiler 
plate under pressure shall be 14 in. 

18 ‘The minimum thicknesses of shell plates, and dome plates 
after flanging, shall be as follows: 


WHEN THE DIAMETER OF SHELL IS 


36 In. or Under Over 36 In. to 54 In. Over 54 In. to 72 In. Over 72 In. 
Y% in. fs in. 36 in, Y% in. 


19 The minimum thicknesses of butt straps shall be as given in 
Table 1. 


TABLE 1 MINIMUM THICKNESSES OF BUTT STRAPS 


Thickness of Minimum Thickness Thickness of Minimum Thickness 
Shell Plates, of Butt Straps, Shell Plates, of Butt Straps, - 
In. In. In. In. 


ye 4 % 16 
tr MY vs vs 
is MY % % 
# M4 34 % 
% vs % 5% 
# i 1 34 
¥6 % 1% 84 
ed % 14 K% 
4% Ye 


20 The minimum thicknesses of tube sheets for horizontal return 
tubular boilers, shall be as follows: 


WHEN THE DIAMETER OF TUBE SHEET IS 


42 In. or Under Over 42 In. to 54 In. Over 54 In. to 72 In. Over 72 In. 
34 in. ts in. Y% in. fs in, 


10 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


21 Tubes for Water-Tube Boilers. The minimum thicknesses 
of tubes used in water-tube boilers measured by Birmingham wire 
gage, for maximum allowable working pressures not exceeding 165 lb. 
per sq. in., shall be as follows: 


Diameters lesa thane Ie ot ehoen: cullen et a. Qiu eal ck es eee a No. 12 B.W.G. 
PiameterS in, oF over, Dut less than 4.11.10)... vas oe mise mete No. 11 B.W.G. 
Diameter'4 in. or over, but léss thant) 11,\.)..00.. 5.0) si sll oe ole No. 10 B.W.G. 
Diameter wa WES OO Oe ES ee ae Oi | Ene No. 9 B.W.G. 


The above thicknesses shall be increased for maximum allowable 
working pressures higher than 165 lb. per sq. in. as follows: 


Over. 165 Ib. but not exceeding 239 Tb... o, . 55 sins ee es als ee 1 gage 
Over 235 Ib.ibut not exceeding, 285 Ibo. oy. 0't bel. Ais ecm nee bicnennate 2 gages 
Over 285 lb. but not exceeding 400 lb..... EP Oe 3 gages 


Tubes over 4-in. diameter shall not be used for maximum allowable 
working pressures above 285 |b. per sq. in. 


22 Tubes for Fire-Tube Boilers. The minimum thicknesses of 
tubes used in fire tube boilers measured by Birmingham wire gage, for 
maximum allowable working pressures not exceeding 175 lb. per sq. 
in., shall be as follows: 


AMametera yess LAAN” ae MEN ie skis bis em aes eo hle BUTTON a oat No. 13 B.W.G. 
Diameter 21 in. or over, but less than 314 in................ No. 12 B.W.G. 
Diameter 314 in. or over, but less than 4 in.................. No. 11 B.W.G. 
Diameter 4 in. or over, but less than 5 in.................. No. 10 B.W.G. 
Diameter 5 Sia iee) \Qieiieos se ORR kr) dutghe ciate ete Al aie ae eee No. 9 B.W.G. 


For higher maximum allowable working pressures than given above 
the thicknesses shall be increased one gage. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS . 11 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOILER PLATE STEEL 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS! ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE AMER- 


ICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIAL DESIGNATION A 30-14, 


’ 


23 Grades. These specifications cover two grades of steel for 
‘boilers, namely: FLANGE and FIREBOX. 


I MANUFACTURE 
24 Process. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 
Il CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TEsTs 


25 Chemical Composition. The steel shall conform to the fol- 
lowing requirements as to chemical composition: 


FLANGE FIREBOX 
MERE NORM Res ac Eta '6 Gl ttn Magee iS wel.e ae eal e Plates 34 in. thick and under. .0.12—0.25 per cent 
Plates over 84 in. thick........ 0.12—0.30 per cent 
Manganese...........+..  0.30—0.60 per cent 0.30—0.50 per cent 
Pibephords [ Acid. ...--.. Not over 0.05 per cent Not over 0.04 per cent 
| Basic aM ar Not over 0.04 per cent Not over 0.035 per cent 
SOWING 10) CLR: ee anda ee ee ae Not over 0.05 per cent ‘Not over 0.04 per cent 
rman permet aee Pa  e eM ak ote hily Not over 0.65 per cent 


26 Ladle Analyses. An analysis shall be made by the manu-: 
facturer from a test ingot taken during the pouring of each melt, a 
copy of which shall be given to the purchaser or his representative. 

- This analysis shall conform to the requirements specified in Par. 25. 


27 Check Analyses. Analyses may be made by the purchaser 
from a broken. tension test specimen representing each plate as rolled, 
which shall conform to the requirements specified in Par. 25, 


*Approved and recommended in its modified form, October 9, 1914, by the 
Association of American Steel Manufacturers, the American Boiler Manu- 
facturers’ Association, the National Tubular Boiler Manufacturers’ Associa- 
tion, the National Association of Thresher Manufacturers and the representa- 
tives present of leading Water Tube Boiler Manufacturers, with whom the 
Boiler Code Committee was in conference on September 16, 1914, and by whom 
further modifications were afterwards offered. 


12 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTER, AM.SOC.M.E. 
III PuHystcaL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


28 Tension Tests. a The material shall conform to the follow- 
ing requirements as to tensile properties: 


FLANGE FIREBOX 
Tensile strength, lb. per sq. in............ 55,000—65,000 55,000—63,000 
Yield point, min., lb. per sq. in........... 0.5 tens. str. 0.5 tens. str. 
Elongation in 8-in., min., per cent (See Par. 29) Matrigel i A SOU 

Tens. str. Tens. str. 


b If desired steel of lower tensile strength than the above may be 
used in an entire boiler, or part thereof, the desired tensile limits to 
be specified, having a range of 10,000 lb. per sq. in. for flange or 8000 
lb. per sq. in. for firebox, the steel to conform in all respects to the 
other corresponding requirements herein specified, and to be stamped 
with the minimum tensile strength of the stipulated range. 

c¢ he yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam 


of the testing machine. 


29 Modifications in Elongation. a For material over 34 in. in 
thickness, a deduction of 0.5 from the percentages of elongation 
specified in Par. 28a, shall be made for each increase of "8 in. in 
thickness above 34 in., to a minimum of 20 per cent. 


b For material 14 in. or under in thickness, the elongation shall 
be measured on a gage length of 24 times the thickness of the specimen. 


30 Bend Tests. a Cold-bend Tests—The test specimen. shall 
bend cold through 180 deg. without cracking on the outside of the 
bent portion, as follows: For material 1 in. or under in thickness, flat 
on itself; and for material over 1 in. in thickness, around a pin the 
diameter of which is equal to the thickness of the specimen. | 


b Quench-bend Tests—The test specimen, when heated to a light 
cherry red as seen in the dark (not less than 1200 deg. fahr.), and 
quenched at once in water the temperature of which is between 80 deg. 
and 90 deg. fahr., shall bend through 180 deg. without cracking on the 
outside of the bent portion, as follows: For material 1 in. or under in 
thickness, flat on itself; and for material over 1 in. in thickness, 
around a pin the diameter of which is equal to the thickness of the 
specimen. 

31 ITomogeneity Tests. For firebox steel, a sample taken from 
a broken tension test specimen shall not show any single seam or 
cavity more than 14 in. long, in either of the three fractures obtained 
in the test for homogeneity, which shall be made as follows: 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 13 


The specimen shall be either nicked with a chisel or grooved on 
a machine, transversely, about 1/16 in. deep, in three places about 
2in. apart. The first groove shall be made 2 in. from the square end ; 
each succeeding groove shall be made on the opposite side from the 
preceding one. ‘he specimen shall then be firmly held in a vise, with 
the first groove about 14 in. above the jaws, and the projecting end 
broken off by light blows of a hammer, the bending being away from 
the groove. The specimen shall be broken at the other two grooves in 
the same manner. The object of this test is to open and render visible 
to the eye any seams due to failure to weld or. to interposed foreign 
matter, or any cavities due to gas bubbles in the ingot. One side of 
each fracture shall be examined and the length of the seams and 
cavities determined, a pocket lens being used if necessary. 

32 Test Specimens. Tension and bend test specimens shall be 
taken from the finished rolled material. They shall be of the full 


Pr Parallel Section MR TMI ee 
oe 3 eat Ng Pertierra not less than tf > 


Fig. 1 STANDARD F'0RM OF TEST SPECIMEN REQUIRED FOR ALL TENSION TESTS 
OF PLATE MATERIAL 


thickness of material as rolled, and shall be machined to the form and 
dimensions shown in Fig. 1; except that bend test specimens may be 
machined with both edges Prati 

33 Number of Tests. a One tension, one cold-bend, and one 
- quench-bend test shall be made from each plate as rolled. 

b If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops 
flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. 

c If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is 
less than that specified in Pars. 28 and 29, and any part of the fracture 
is outside the middle third of the gaged length, as indicated by the 
scribe scratches marked on the specimen before testing, a retest shall 
be allowed. 


ITV PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN GAGE 


34 Permissible Variation. The thickness of each plate shall not 
vary under the gage specified more than 0:01 in. ‘The overweight 


14 REPORT.OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


limits are considered a matter of contract between the steel manu- 
facturer and the boiler builder. 


V. Fryisu 


35 Finish. The finished material shall be free from injurious 
defects and shall have a workmanlike finish. 


VI MarxkiIne 


36 Marking. a Fach shell plate shall be legibly stamped by 
the manufacturer with the melt or slab number, name of manu- 
facturer, grade and the minimum tensile strength of the stipulated 
range as specified in Par. 28, in three places, two of which shall be 
located at diagonal corners about 12 in. from the edge and one about 
the center of the plate, or at a point selected and designated by the 
purchaser so that the stamp shall be plainly visible when the boiler is 
completed. 

b Each head shall be legibly stamped by the manufacturer in 
two places, about 12 in. from the edge, with-the melt or slab number, 
name of manufacturer, grade, and the minimum tensile strength 
of the stipulated range as specified in Par. 28, in such manner that 
the stamp is plainly visible when the boiler is completed. 

c Each butt strap shall be legibly stamped by the manufacturer 
in two places on the center line about 12 in. from the ends with the 
melt or slab number, name of manufacturer, grade, and the minimum 
tensile strength of the stipulated range as specified in Par. 28. 

d 'The melt or slab number shall be legibly stamped on each test 
specimen, | 


VIL INsPEecTION AND REJECTION 


37 Inspection. ‘The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities — 
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. All tests (except check analyses) and inspection 
shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless 
otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere un- 
necessarily with the operation of the works. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 15 


38 Rejection. a Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based 
on tests made in accordance with Par. 27 shall be reported within five 
working days from the receipt of samples. 

b Material which shows injurious defects subsequent to its ac- 
ceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and the manu- 
facturer shall be notified. | 

39 Rehearing. Samples tested in accordance with Par. 27, which 
represent rejected material, shall be preserved for two weeks from the 
date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of 
the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within 
that time. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOILER RIVET STEEL 
THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME AS THOSE 
OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIAL DESIG- 
NATION A 31-14, 


A REQUIREMENTS For RornED Bars 


I MANUFACTURE 


40 Process. he steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 
II CuHemicaL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


41 Chemical Composition. The steel shall conform to the fol- 
lowing requirements as to chemical composition : 


NAGS Ge aisle a: ain wigg these! # oy Scie ait) n =o 5 lets ellen aige 0.30-0.50 per cent 
MSIE es) sn ssh sy os) sre kei lak the tele: c's) a) ye: claplad ai'alle tg not over 0.04 per cent 
SORE MMURDEE MMR ey i's Ss JN ain) abain qi¥l gifetta alae) a'a! o's] aaa nai ahs Niel ahs not over 0.045 per cent 


42 Ladle Analyses. An analysis to determine the percentages 
of carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur shall be made by the 
manufacturer from a test ingot taken during the pouring of each melt, 
a copy of which shall be given to the purchaser or his representative. 
This analysis shall conform to the requirements specified in Par. 41. 

43. Check Analyses. Analyses may be made by the purchaser 
from finished bars, representing each melt, which shall conform to the 
requirements specified in Par. 41. 


16 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTHE, AM.SOC.M.H, 


Ill PuHysicAt PROPERTIES AND ‘TESTS 


44. Tension Tests. a The bars shall conform to the following 
requirements as to tensile properties: 


Tensile ‘strength, Th. per! sq. ty Cee Ee eae 45,000-55,000 
Wield! peat, Tagg): UY pervs aa 00 ahs. Shane ava CON NS Santis lo elec 0.5 tens. str. 
rc 
Elongation jn! 8.in, min. percent. se aul ei mele islet amie Beet 
but need not exceed 30 per cent. Tens. str. 


b The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam of 
the testing machine. 

45 Bend Tests. a Cold-bend Tests—The test specimen shall 
bend cold through 180 deg. flat on itself without cracking on the out- 
side of the bent portion. 

b Quench-bend Tests—The test specimen, when heated to a light 
cherry red as seen in the dark (not less than 1200 deg. fahr.), and 
quenched at once in water the temperature of which is between 80 deg. 
and 90 deg. fahr., shall bend through 180 deg. flat on itself without 
cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 

46 Test Specimens. Tension and bend test specimens shall be 
of the full-size section of bars as rolled. 

4” Number of Tests. a Two tension, two cold-bend, and two 
quench-bend tests shall be made from each melt, each of which shall 
conform to the requirements specified. 

b If any test specimen develops flaws, it may be discarded and 
another specimen substituted. 

c If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen 
is less than that specified in Par. 44 and any part of the fracture is 
outside the middle third of the gaged length, as indicated by scribe 
scratches marked on the specimen before testing, a retest shall be 
allowed. 


48 Permissible Variations in Gage. The gage of éach bar shall 
not vary more than 0.01 in. from that specified. 


V WorkMANSHIP AND FINISH 
49 Workmanship. The finished bars shall be circular within 
0.01 in. 


50 Finish. The finished bars shall be free from injurious - 
fects and shali have a workmanlike finish. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS , 17 


VI. MarxkiIne 


51 Marking. Rivet bars shall, when loaded for shipment, be 
properly separated and marked with the name or brand of the manu- 
facturer and the melt number for identification. The melt number 
shall be legibly marked on each test specimen. 


VIL INsprcTIoN AND REJECTION 


52 Inspection. The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the bars ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the bars are being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. All tests (except check analyses) and inspection 
shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless 
otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere un- 
necessarily with the operation of the works. 

53 Rejection. a Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based 
on tests made in accordance with Par. 43 shall be reported within five 
working days from the receipt of samples. 

6 Bars which show injurious defects subsequent to their ac- . 
ceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and the manu- 
facturer shall be notified. 

54 Rehearing. Samples tested in accordance with Par. 43, which 
represent rejected bars, shall be preserved for two weeks from the 
date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of 
the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within 
that time. 


B REQUIREMENTS FOR RIVETS 


I PuystcaAL PROPERTIES AND ‘TESTS 


55 Tension Tests. The rivets, when tested, shall conform to the 
requirements as to tensile properties specified in Par. 44, except: that 
the elongation shall be measured on a gaged length not less than four 
times the diameter of the rivet. 

56 Bend Tests. The rivet shank shall bend cold through 180 
deg. flat on itself, as shown in Fig. 2, without cracking on the outside 
of the bent portion. 


18 REPORT OF BOILER CODH COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


57 Flattening Tests. ‘The rivet head shall flatten, while hot, to 
a diameter 214 times the diameter of the shank, as shown in Fig. 3, 
without cracking at the edges. 

58 Number of Tests. a When specified, one tension test shall 
be made from each size in each lot of rivets offered for inspection. 

b ‘Three bend and three flattening tests shall be made from each 
size in each lot of rivets offered for inspection, each of which shall con- 
form to the requirements specified. 


Il WorRKMANSHIP AND FINISH 


59 Workmanship. The rivets shall be true to form, concentric, 
and shall be made in a workmanlike manner. 

60 Finish. ‘The finished rivets shall be free from injurious de- 
fects. 


Fig. 2 THE BEND Fie. 3 THE FLaAtT- 
TEST FoR RIVETS TENING TEST FOR 
RIVETS 


Ill Inspection AND REJECTION 


61 Inspection. The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the rivets ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the rivets are being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. All tests and inspection shall be made at the 
place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, 
and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the 
operation of the works. 

62 Rejection. Rivets which show injurious defects subsequent 
to their acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and 
the manufacturer shall be notified. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 19 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR STAYBOLT STEEL 
REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLED BARS 


63 Steel for staybolts shall conform to the requirements for 
Boiler Rivet Steel specified in Pars. 40 to 62, except that the tensile 
properties shall be as follows: 


ese a Perera Ler 8G. Is. acre as vo ee Cae ae ee aa 50,000-—60,000 
Peet psiteesaitat. Ty per Bhs WS. hd Uae ls Woe tot atin «hs elute 0.5 tens. str. 


1,500,000 
Supression it, 8 1.,, 101,,” Per Cotibs . L) ile esis «, aidheie oedeueldin deme om —— 
Tens. str. 


Also with the exception that the permissible variations in gage shall 
be as follows: 

Permissible Variations in Gage. The bars shall be truly round 
within 0.01 in. and shall not vary,more than 0.005 in. above, or more 
than 0.01 in. below the specified size. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL BARS 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE ABSTRACTED FROM THOSE FOR STEEL 
FOR BRIDGES OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, 
SERIAL DESIGNATION A 7-14, 


I MANUFACTURE 


64 Process. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 


Il CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


65 Chemical Composition. The steel shall conform to the fol- 
lowing requirements as to chemical composition : 


Ie | peo ia A sia Hen) RS fs eal Wie not over 0.06 per cent 
ee Baie ee not over 0.04 per cent 
OL a el eld lel ba rE ls not over 0.05 per cent 


66 Ladle Analysis. An analysis to determine the percentages of 
carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur shall be made by the 
manufacturer from a test ingot taken during the pouring of each 
melt, a copy of which shall be given to the purchaser or his representa- 
tive. This analysis shall conform to the requirements specified in 
Par. 65. 


20 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


III PHysicaALt PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


6% Tension Tests. a The material shall conform to the follow- 
ing requirements as to tensile properties: 


Tensile strength, Ths per BQe I eke tans pis aiatecae ai whats oo terre 55,000-65,000 
Yield) point, \min., ‘per sq. we ae OSD ee rea es 4 0.5 tens. str. 
1,500,000 
Mion gation in! 8 in Min. Per Conk Ts y ves yeh ak clave eae a ogee 
Tens. str 
Elongation in 210," min. percent. i... sik ek aes oles 22 


*See Par. 68. 


6 The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam of 
the testing machine. 


68 Modifications in Elongation. a For bars over 34 in. in 
thickness or diameter a deduction of 1 from the percentage of elonga- 
tion in 8 in. specified in Par. 67, shall be made for each increase of 14 
in. in thickness or diameter above 34 in., to a minimum of 18 per cent. 


6 For bars under 5/16 in. in thickness or diameter a deduction 
of 2.5 from the percentage of elongation in 8 in. specified in Par. 67, 
shall be made for each decrease of 1/16 in. in thickness or diameter 
below 5/16 in. 


69 Bend Tests. a The test specimen shall bend cold through 
180 deg. without cracking on the outside of the bent portion, as fol- 
lows: For material 34 in. or under in thickness or diameter flat on 
itself ; for material over 34 in. to and including 144 in. in thickness or 
diameter around a pin the diameter of which is equal to the thickness 
or diameter of the specimen ; and for material over 114 in. in thickness 
or diameter around a pin the diameter of which is equal to twice the 
thickness or diameter of the specimen. 

b The test specimen for bars over 11% in. in thickness or diameter 
when prepared as specified in Par. 70, shall bend cold through 180 
deg. around a 1-in. pin without cracking on the outside of the bent 
portion. 


70 Test Specimens. a Tension and bend test specimens except 
as specified in b, shall be of the full thickness of material as rolled. 
They may be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 1, 
or may have both edges parallel. 


6 Tension test specimens for bars over 14% in. in thickness or 
diameter may be of the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 4. Bend 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS yA 


test specimens may be 1 by 14 in. in section. The axis of the specimen 
shall be located at any point midway between the center and surface 
and shall be parallel to the axis of the bar. 

‘1 Number of Tests. a One tension and one bend test shall be 
made from each melt; except that if material from one melt differs 
®g in, or more in thickness, one tension and one bend test shall be 
made from both the thickest and the thinnest material rolled. 

b If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops 
flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. 

c If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is 
less than that specified in Par. 67, and any part of the fracture is 
more than 84 in. from the center of the gage length of a 2-in. specimen 
or is outside the middle third of the gage length of an 8-in. specimen, 
as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the spedimen before testing, 
a retest shall be allowed. 


IV PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN GAGE 


72 Permissible Variation. The thickness or cross-section of each 
piece of steel shall not vary under that specified more than 2.5 per 
cent. (Nore: Overweight variation is a matter of contract between 
the steel manufacturer and boiler builder.) 


VV. FINISH 


%3 Finish. The finished material shall be free from injurious 
defects and shall have a workmanlike finish. 


VI MARKING 


%4 Marking. Bars shall, when loaded for shipment, be properly 
separated and marked with the name or brand of the manufacturer 
and melt number for identification. The melt number shall be legibly 
marked on each test specimen. 


VII INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


%5 Inspection. 'The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 


pi) REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place 
of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall 
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of 
the works. ; 

76 Rejection. Material which shows injurious defects subsequent 
to its acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and the 
manufacturer shall be notified. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL CASTINGS 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE ABSTRACTED FROM THOSE FOR STEEL 
CASTINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, 
SERIAL DESIGNATION A 27-14, 


77 Classes. These specifications cover two classes of castings, 
namely : 

Class A, ordinary castings for which no physical requirements 
are specified. 

Class B, castings for which physical requirements are specified. 
These are of three grades: hard, medium, and soft. 

78 Patterns. a Patterns shall be made so that sufficient finish 
is allowed to provide for all variations in shrinkage. 

b Patterns shall be painted three colors to represent metal, cores, 
and finished surfaces. It is recommended that core prints shall be 
painted black and finished surfaces red. 

79 Basis of Purchase. ‘The purchaser shall indicate his intention 
to substitute the test to destruction specified in Par. 87, for the tension 
and bend tests, and shall designate the patterns from which castings 
for this test shall be made. 


I MANUFACTURE 


80 Process. The steel may be made by the open-hearth, crucible, 
or any other process approved by the purchaser. 

81 Heat Treatment. a Class A castings need not be annealed 
unless so specified. 

b Class B castings shall be allowed to become cold. They shall 
then be uniformly reheated to the proper temperature to refine the 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 2 


grain (a group thus reheated being known as an “annealing charge’), 
and allowed to cool uniformly and slowly. If, in the opinion of the 
purchaser or his representative, a casting is not properly annealed, he 
may at his option require the casting to be re-annealed. 


II CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND T'EsSTS 


82 Chemical Composition. The castings shall conform to the 
following requirements as to chemical composition : 


Class A Class B 
Clax bp isagtes seve Ss, Hot over OBO Pereent Mee a WN eT, 
RUOsD bu ox.) 4) 48, 0).:80088 not over 0.06 per cent not over 0.05 per cent 
COSTS Sah OA Re APES Wa eR me Pa Ce not over 0.05 per cent; 


83 Ladle Analyses. An analysis to determine the percentages of 
carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur shall be made by the man- 
ufacturer from a test ingot taken during the pouring of each melt, a 
copy of which shall be given to the purchaser or his representative. 
This analysis shall conform to the requirements specified in Par. 82. 
Drillings for analysis shall be taken not less than 14 in. beneath the 
surface of the test ingot. 


84 Check Analyses. a Analyses of Class A castings may be 
made by the purchaser, in which case an excess of 20 per cent above the 
requirement as to phosphorus specified in Par. 82, shall be allowed. 
Drillings for analysis shall be taken not less than 14 in beneath the 
surface. 


b Analyses of Class B castings may be made by the purchaser 
from a broken tension or bend test specimen, in which case an excess 
of 20 per cent above the requirements as to phosphorus and sulphur 
specified in Par. 82, shall be allowed. Drillings for analysis shall be 
taken not less than 14 in. beneath the surface. 


III PuHysicsL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


(For Class B Castings only.) 


85 Tension Tests. a The castings shall conform to the follow- 
ing minimum requirements as to tensile properties: 


24 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTER, AM.SOC.M.H. 


Hard Medium Soft 
Tensile. strength, Ib. per sq.ims.. 5.5 eG oe, « 80,000 70,000 60,000 
Wield "point, thy per BOL In. sees ah viewee ae 36,000 31,500 27,000 
Elongation in 2 in., per cent....,......... 15 18 22 
Reduction of. area, per cent... 20 25 30 


b The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam 
of the testing machine. 

86 Bend Tests. a The test specimen for soft castings shall bend 
cold through 120 deg., and for medium castings through 90 deg., 
around a 1-in. pin, without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 

b Hard castings shall not be subject to bend test requirements. 


8% Alternative Tests to Destruction. In the case of small or un- 
important castings, a test to destruction on three castings from a lot 
may be substituted for the tension and bend tests. This test shall show 
the material to be ductile, free from injurious defects, and suitable 
for the purpose intended. A lot shall consist of all castings from one 
melt, in the same annealing charge. 


88 Test Specimens. a Sufficient test bars, from which the test 
specimens required in Par. 89, may be selected, shall be attached to 
castings weighing 500 lb. or over, when the design of the castings will 
permit. If the castings weigh less than 500 lb., or are of such a design 
that test bars cannot be attached, two test bars shall be cast to represent 
each melt; or the quality of the castings shall be determined by tests 
to destruction as specified in Par. 87. All test bars shall be annealed 
with the castings they represent. 


6 ‘The manufacturer and purchaser shall agree whether test bars 
can be attached to castings, on the location of the bars on the castings, 
on the castings to which bars are to be attached, and on the method 
of casting unattached bars. 


c Tension test specimens shall be of the form and dimensions 
shown in Fig. 4. Bend test specimens shall be machined to 1 by 4% 
in. in section with corners rounded to a radius not over 1/16 in. 


89 Number of Tests. a One tension and one bend test shall be 
made from each annealing charge. If more than one melt is repre- 
sented in an annealing charge, one tension and one bend test shall be 
made from each melt. 


b If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops 
flaws, it may be discarded; in which case the manufacturer and the | 
purchaser or his representative shall agree upon the selection of an- 
other specimen in its stead. : 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION JI, POWER BOILERS 25 


c If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is 
less than that specified in Par. 85, and any part of the fracture is 
more than 34 in. from the center of the gaged length, as indicated by 
scribe scratches marked on the specimen before testing, a retest shall 
be allowed. 


IV WorRKMANSHIP AND FINISH 


90 Workmanship. The castings shall substantially conform to 
the sizes and shapes of the patterns, and shall be made in a workman- 
hike manner. 

91 Finish. a The castings shall be free from injurious defects. 

b Minor defects which do not impair the strength of the castings 
may, with the approval of the purchaser or his representative, be 


Fie. 4 STANDARD Form or TEST SPECIMEN REQUIRED FOR ALL TENSION TESTS 
OF STEEL CASTING MATERIAL 


welded by an approved process. The defects shall first be cleaned out 
to solid metal; and after welding, the castings shall be annealed, if 
specified by the purchaser or his representative. 

c¢. The castings offered for inspection shall not be painted or 
covered with any substance that will hide defects, nor rusted to such 
an extent as to hide defects. 


V INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


92 Inspection. 'The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the castings ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the castings are being furnished in accordance with 


26 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.H, 


these specifications. All tests (except check analyses) and inspection 
shall be made at the plaee of manufacture prior to shipment, unless 
otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere un- 
necessarily with the operation of the works. 

93 Rejection. a Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based 
on tests made in accordance with Par. 84, shall be reported within 
five working days from the receipt of samples. 

b Castings which show injurious defects subsequent to their ac- 
ceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and the manu- 
facturer shall be notified. 

94 Rehearing. Samples tested in accordance with Par. 84, 
which represent rejected castings, shall be preserved for two weeks 
from the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the 
results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing 
within that time. } 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRAY IRON CASTINGS 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE IDENTICAL WITH THOSE OF THE 
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIAL DESIGNATION 
A 48-05. ° 


95 Process of Manufacture. Unless furnace iron is specified, all 
gray castings are understood to be made by the cupola process. 


96 Chemical Properties. The sulpkur contents to be as follows: 


hight “astines 2000. . Ral OPENS aes EMERG is shun dee a ee not over 0.08 per cent 
Medium: castings 4 6.i.". cides ie Se, QL not over 0.10 per cent 
Fleavy Castine iii ghee aebiten 3 lee ete NT RNs teat ok not over 0.12 per cent 


9% Classification. In dividing castings into light, medium and 
heavy classes, the following standards have been adopted: 

98 Castings having any section less than 14 in. thick shall be 
known as light castings. 

99 Castings in which no section is less than 2 in. thick shall be 
known as heavy castings. 

100 Medium castings are those not included in the above classifi- 
cation. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS PAG 


PuHystcaL PRoPERTIES AND TESTS 


101 Transverse Test. The minimum breaking strength of the 


“Arbitration Bar’ under transverse load shall be not under: 


MME MO. ei) Be Pla ua ea a, aie ail Od ike cul 2500. Ibs. 
REIS ay LAM a a chs of dks ata alal spoils, cal dee, dig Aah ital Ha acl else cts 2900 Ibs. 
Heavy castings 


In no ease shall the deflection be under 0.10 in. 
102 Tensile Test. Where specified, this shallenot run less than: 


PMPUPERE  COMAMEMUR A? 2. oP) EUS cle) soll siuct's's GR a oie GME & G) o's) 4% 410) oe 18,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
DLGMUMI SEARO. Lida a eo) Ge Wie ew hie sie Het Be heist aT ahtotigrat'ait 21,000 Ib. per sq. in. 


Uh oe cs RAS Aaa eg Ae) OR ND, Se a 24,000 lb. per sq. in. 


>” Std. Thread 
K 4 YNM) 
S 
S : 
RS 8 
~~ Ny 
iY 
A Ly 
eee A ay 


it 
|K~--- J" ---=- eZ re - = -- [into ae gre =-+ 7/7 71 


Fic. 5 STANDARD Form or Test SPECIMEN REQUIRED FOR TENSION TESTS OF 
GRAY-JRON CASTING MATERIAL 


103 Arbitration Bar. The quality of the iron going into castings 
under specification shall be determined by means of the “Arbitration 
Bar.” 'This is a bar 144 in. in diameter and 15 in. long. It shall be 
prepared as stated further on and tested transversely. The tensile 
test is not recommended, but in case it is called for, the bar as shown 
in Fig. 5, and turned up from any of the broken pieces of the trans- 


verse test shall be used. ‘The expense of the tensile test shall fall on 
the purchaser. 


104 Number of Test Bars. 'Two sets of two bars shall be cast 
from each heat, one set from the first and the other set from the last 
iron going into the castings. Where the heat exceeds twenty tons, an 
additional set of two bars shall be cast for each twenty tons or fraction 
thereof above this amount. In case of a change of mixture during 
the heat, one set of two bars shall also be cast for every mixture other 


28 ' REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.H, 


than the regular one. Each set of two bars is to go into a single mold. 
The bars shall not be rumbled or otherwise treated, being simply 
brushed off before testing. 

105 Method of Testing. ‘The transverse test shall be made on all 
the bars cast, with supports 12 in. apart, load applied at the middle, 


1/0” Pipe Cope -. 


‘POURING BASIN 


PATTERN 


NANANANAANARRAAND 


>| 


‘ 
SI N 
‘ N 
N 


| | 
15” ---->- SS ee ee 


“ 


10° Fipe bored with vert holes -- 


FIZZ 


N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
NF: 
Nee 
N 
N 
N 
\ 
N 
N 
N 
\ 
N 
N 


Mealy 53 a A 


Pie. 6 DETAILS OF PATTERN AND Moxp REQUIRED FOR ARBITRATION Bars IN 
TESTING GRAY-IRON CASTING MATERIAL 


and the deflection at rupture noted. One bar of every two of each set 
made must fulfill the requirements to permit acceptance of the cast- 
ings represented. 

106 Mold for Test Bar. The mold for the bars is shown in Fig. 
G. The bottom of the bar is 1/16 in. smaller in diameter than the 
top, to allow for draft and for the strain of pouring. The pattern 
shall not be rapped before withdrawing. The flask 1s to be rammed up 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 29. 


with green molding sand, a little damper than usual, well mixed and 
put through a No. 8 sieve, with a mixture of one to twelve bituminous 
facing. The mold shall be rammed evenly and fairly hard, thoroughly 
dried and not cast until it is cold. The test bar shall not be removed 
from the mold until cold enough to be handled. 

10% Speed of Testing. The rate of application of the load shall 
be from 20 to 40 seconds for a deflection of 0.10 in. 

108 Samples for Analysis. Borings from the broken pieces id 
the “Arbitration Bar” shall be used for the sulphur determinations. 
One determination for each mold made shall be required. In case of 
dispute, the standards of the American Foundrymen’s Association 
shall be used for comparison. 

109 Finish. Castings shall be true to pattern, free from cracks, 
flaws and excessive shrinkage. In other respects they shall conform 
to whatever points may be specially agreed upon. 

110 Inspection. 'The inspector shall have reasonable facilities 
afforded him by the manufacturer to satisfy him that the finished 
material is furnished in accordance with these specifications. All 
tests and inspections shall, as far as possible, be made at the place of 
manufacture prior to shipment. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR MALLEABLE CASTINGS 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE IDENTICAL WITH THOSE OF THE 
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIAL DESIGNATION 


A 47-04, 


111 Process of Manufacture. Malleable iron castings may be 
made by the open-hearth, air furnace, or cupola process. Cupola iron, 
however, is not recommended for heavy nor for important castings. 

112 Chemical Properties. Castings for which physical require- 
ments are specified shall not contain over 0.06 sulphur nor over 0.225 
phosphorus. 


PuysicaAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


113 Standard Test Bar. This bar shall be 1 in. sq. and 14 in. 
long, without chills and with ends left perfectly free in the mold. 
Thiee shall be cast in one mold, heavy risers insuring sound bars. 
Where the full heat goes into castings which are subject to specifica- 


30 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


tion, one mold shall be poured two minutes after tapping into the first 
ladle, and another mold from the last iron of the heat. Molds shall be 
suitably stamped to insure identification of the bars, the bars being 
annealed with the castings. Where only a partial heat is required for 
the work in hand, one mold should be cast from the first ladle used 
and another after the required iron has been tapped. 

a Of the three test bars from the two molds required for each 
heat, one shall be tested for tensile strength and elongation, the other 
for transverse strength and deflection. The other remaining bar is 
reserved for either the transverse or tensile test, in case of the failure 
of the two other bars to come up to requirements. The halves of the 
bars broken transversely may also be used for the tensile test. 

6 Failure to reach the required limit for the tensile strength 
with elongation, as also the transverse strength with deflection, on 
the part of at least one test, shall reject the castings from that heat. 

114 Tensile Test. The tensile strength of a standard test bar 
for castings under specification shall not be less than 40,000 Ib. 
per sq. in. The elongation measured in 2 in. shall not be less than 
2l4 per cent. 

115 Transverse Test. The transverse strength of a standard test 
bar, on supports 12 in. apart, pressure being applied at the center, shall ” 
not be less than 3000 lb., deflection being at least 14 in. 


116 Test Lugs. Castings of special design or of special impor- 
tance may be provided with suitable test lugs at the option of the 
inspector. At least one of these lugs shall be left on the casting for 
his inspection upon his request therefor. 


117% Annealing. Malleable castings shall neither be “over” nor 
“wnder” annealed. ‘They must have received their full heat in the 
oven at least sixty hours after reaching that temperature. 

118 The “saggers” shall not be dumped until the contents shall 
at least be “black hot.” 


119 Finish. Castings shall be true to pattern, free from 
blemishes, scale or shrinkage cracks. A variation of 1/16 in. per foot 
shall be permissible. Founders shall not be held responsible for 
defects due to irregular cross sections and unevenly distributed metal. 

120 Inspection. The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have all reasonable facilities given him by the founder to satisfy him 
that the finished material is furnished in accordance with these 
specifications. All tests and inspections shall be made prior to ship- 
ment. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS Bt 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOILER RIVET IRON 


THESE REQUIREMENTS ARE AN ADAPTATION, WITH SLIGHT MODI- 
FICATIONS IN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS, OF THE SPECI- 
FICATIONS FOR ENGINE BOLT IRON OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR 
TESTING MATERIALS. 


A REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLED BArs 


I MANUFACTURE 


121 Process. The iron shall be made wholly from puddled iron 
or knobbled charcoal iron, and shall be free from any admixture of 
iron scrap or steel. 

122 Iron Scrap. This term applies only to foreign or bought 
scrap and does not include local mill products free from foreign or 
bought scrap. 


Il Pwrystcat PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


123. Tension Tests. a ‘The iron shall conform to the following 
requirements as to tensile properties: 


Meaeeeoourenoi, Fa, per arin divie. eul Liduke Coane oll ded 48,000-—52,000 
eM ONNE, NI, LOL BEL ATA oi ice) sill ipsa ole bir e 6 sy aye mri + eemice m meme 0.6 tens. str, 
Meereemrreredeme 17) 111), TAA, OR GONG ied ielgie seine dane deleieieceee als 28 
PeemouMenY OL APCH. Mit.) Per) COUL..).. yc sede ei We ecw ene a 45 


b The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam 
of the testing machine. The speed of the cross-head of the machine 
shall not exceed 11% in. per minute. 

124 Bend Tests. a Cold-bend Tests—The test specimen shall 
bend cold through 180 deg. flat on itself without cracking on the out- 
side of the bent portion. 

6 Hot-bend Tests—The test specimen, when heated to a bright 
cherry red, shall bend through 180 deg. flat on itself, without fracture 
on the outside of the bent portion. 

ce Nick-bend Tests-—-The test specimen, when nicked 25 per cent 
around with a tool having a 60-deg: cutting edge, to a depth of not 
less than 8 nor more than 16 per cent of the diameter of the specimen, 
and broken, shall show a wholly fibrous fracture. 

d Bend tests may be made by pressure or by blows. 


32 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.B. 


125 Etch Tests.1 The cross-section of the test specimen shall be 
ground or polished, and etched for a sufficient period to develop the 
structure. This test shall show the material to be free from steel. 

126 ©Test Specimens. All test specimens shall be of the full sec- 
tion of material as rolled. 

127% Number of Tests. a Bars of one size shall be sorted into 
lots of 100 each. 'T'wo bars shall be selected at random from each lot 
or fraction thereof, and tested as specified in Pars. 123 and 124; but 
only one of these bars shall be tested as specified in Par. 125. 

b If any test specimen from either of the bars originally selected 
to represent a lot of material, contains surface defects not visible before 
testing but visible after testing, or if a tension test specimen breaks 
outside the middle third of the gage length, one retest from a different 
bar will be allowed. 


III PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN GAGE 


128 Permissible Variations. The gage of each bar shall not vary 
more than 0.01 in. from that specified. 


IV FryisH 


129 Finish. The bars shall be smoothly rolled and free from 
slivers, depressions, seams, crop ends and evidences of being burnt. 


V MARKING . 


130 Marking. The bars shall be stamped or marked as desig- 
nated by the purchaser. 


VI - INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


131 Inspection. a The inspector representing the purchaser 
shall have free entry at all times, while work on the contract of the 
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with 


1A solution of two parts water, one part concentrated hydrochloric acid, and one part concen- 
trated sulphuric acid is recommended for the etch test. 


“NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 33 


these specifications. Tests and inspection at the place of manufacture 
shall be made prior to shipment. 

b The purchaser may make the tests to govern the acceptance or 
rejection of material in his own laboratory or elsewhere. ‘Such tests, 
however, shall be made at the expense of the purchaser. 

132 Rejection. If either of the test bars selected to represent a 
lot does not conform to the requirements specified in Pars. 123, 124 
and 125, the lot will be rejected. 


B REQUIREMENTS FOR RIVETS 
* J PHysricaAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


133 Number of Tests. When specified, three rivets of each di- 
ameter shall be taken at random from each lot offered for inspection, 
and if they fail to stand the following tests the lot will be rejected. 

134 Bend Tests. a ‘The rivet shank shall bend cold through 

180 deg. flat on itself, as shown in Fig. 2, without cracking on the out- 
side of the bent portion. 

b The heads must stand bending back, showing that they are 
firmly joined. 

c¢ When nicked and broken gradually the fracture must show a 
clean, long and fibrous iron. 


II WorKMANSHIP AND FINISH 


135 Workmanship. The rivets shall be true to form, concentric, 
and shall be made in a workmanlike manner. 

136 Finish. The finished rivets shall be free from injurious de- 
fects. 


III INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


137 Inspection. The inspector representing the purchaser shall 
have free entry at all times, while work on the contract of the pur- 
chaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 
which concern the manufacture of the rivets ordered. The manu- 
facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the rivets are being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. All tests and inspection shall be made at the 


34 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E., 


place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and 
shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the opera- 
tion of the works. 

138 Rejection. Rivets which show injurious defects subsequent 
to their acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and 
the manufacturer shall be notified. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR STAYBOLT IRON 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE IDENTICAL WITH THOSE OF THE 
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIALe DESIGNATION 
A 39-14. 


I MANUFACTURE 


139 Process. The iron shall be rolled from a bloom or boxpile, 
made wholly from puddled iron or knobbled charcoal iron. The 
puddle mixture and the component parts of the bloom or boxpile shall 
be free from any admixture of iron scrap or steel: 

140 Definition of Terms. a  LBloom—A bloom is a solid mass of 
iron that has been hammered into a convenient size for rolling. 

b Boxpile—A boxpile is a pile, the sides, top and bottom of which 
are formed by four flat bars and the interior of which consists of a 
number of small bars the full length of the pile. 

c Iron Scrap—This term apples only to foreign or purchased 
scrap and does not include local mill products free from foreign or 
purchased scrap. 


Il PHyscrAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


141 Tension Tests. a The iron shall conform to the following 
requirements as to tensile properties: 


Wengile strem cath. Tb. myer ak Ne ii) ele ale a ae ue SCD 5a ea La 49,000—53,000 
Wield paing, Mins) LD. er Ge. aM. wil sie ere tas 2 tle Nie ak Ue ic a 0.6 tens. str. 
Eitomratton 178 i0., Mi., Per Colts -16 ie)! «+ © a's wir pete kee Der 30 
Reduction of ‘area, mi: per ‘cent. a. es we he we raked MA, 48 


b The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam 
of the testing machine. The speed of the cross-head of the machine 
shall not exceed 114 in. per minute. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 35 


142 Bend Tests. a  Cold-bend Tesis—The test specimen shall 
bend cold through 180 deg. flat on itself in both directions without 
fracture on the outside of the bent portion. 

b Quench-bend Tests—The test specimen, when heated to a yel- 
low heat and quenched at once in water the temperature of which is 
between 80 deg. and 90 deg. fahr., shall bend through 180 deg. flat on 
itself without fracture on the outside of the bent portion. 

c Nick-bend Tests—The test specimen, when nicked 25 per cent 
around with a tool having a 60-deg. cutting edge, to a depth of not 
less than 8 nor more than 16 per cent of the diameter of the specimen, 
and broken, shall show a clean fiber entirely free from crystallization. 


d Bend tests may be made by pressure or by blows. 


143 Htch Tests. The cross-section of the test specimen shall be 
ground or polished, and etched for a sufficient period to develop the 
structure. This test shall show the material to have been rolled from 
a bloom or a boxpile, and to be free from steel. | 


144 Test Specimens. All test specimens shall be of the full sec- 
tion of material as rolled. 


145 Number of Tests. a Bars of one size shall be sorted into 
lots of 100 each. ‘T'wo bars shall be selected at random from each lot 
or fraction thereof, and tested as specified in Pars. 141 and 142; but 
only one of these bars shall be tested as specified in Par. 143. 

b If any test specimen from either of the bars originally selected 
to represent a lot of material, contains surface defects not visible be- 
fore testing but visible after testing, or if a tension test specimen 
breaks outside the middle third of ‘the gage length, one retest from a 
different bar will be allowed. 


ce When retests as specified in b are not permitted, a reduction 
of 2 per cent in elongation and 3 per cent in reduction of area from 
that specified in Par. 141, shall be allowed. 


III PErRMissiBLE VARIATIONS IN GAGE 


146 Permissible Variations. The bars shall be truly round 
within 0.01 in., and shall not vary more than 0.005 in. above or more 
than 0.01 in. below the specified size. 


1A rolution of two parts water, one part concentrated hydrochlorie acid, and one part concen . 
trated sulphuric acid is recommended for the etch test. 


36 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


ITV FINIsu 


147 Finish. ‘The bars shall be smoothly rolled and free from 
slivers, depressions, seams, crop ends and evidences of being burnt. 


V MARKING 


148 Marking. The bars shall be stamped or marked as desig- 
nated by the purchaser. 


VI INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


149 Inspection. a The inspector representing the purchaser 
shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the 
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works 

which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu- 
- facturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable facilities 
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with 
these specifications. Tests and inspection at the place of manufacture 
shall be made prior to shipment. 

b The purchaser may make the tests to govern the acceptance or 
rejection of material in his own laboratory or elsewhere. Such tests, 
however, shall be made at the expense of the purchaser. 

150 Lejection. a _ If either of the test bars selected to represent 
a lot does not conform to the requirements specified in Pars. 141, 142 
and 143, the lot will be rejected. | 

b Bars which will not take a clean, sharp thread with dies in fair 
condition, or which develop defects in forging or machining, will be 
rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 37 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR REFINED WROUGHT-IRON 
BARS 


THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE AMERICAN 
SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, SERIAL DESIGNATION A 41-13. 


I MANUFACTURE 


151 Process. Refined wrought-iron bars shall be made wholly 
from puddled iron, and may consist either of new muck-bar iron or a 
mixture of muck-bar iron and scrap, but shall be free from any ad- 
mixture of steel. 


Il PuHysicaAL PROPERTIFS AND TEsTs 


152 Tension Tests. a The iron shall conform to the following 
minimum requirements as to tensile properties. 


Pee ecren Ll, Wile M Der SON ATe Ya) ical 5: sh bull eae did @ ale aie « byslaies a.s Me's wise 48,000 
(See Pars. 153 and 154.) 

ECAR A AD). DOL UMC TE aa cradle Visi s\ ete le ia te wie Gyaialtrale sien aided eee wus 25,000 

Pie oniiod in Si, per, CONUE ES Hs oe ea lad ds SOW bale 22 


(See Par. 155.) 


b The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam 
of the testing machine. The speed of the cross-head of the machine 
shall not exceed 114 in. per minute. 

153. Permissible Variations. Twenty per cent of the test speci- 
mens representing one size may show tensile strengths 1000 lb. per 
sq. in. under, or 5000 Ib. per sq. in. over that specified in Par. 152; 
but no specimen shall show a tensile strength under 45,000 lb. per 
sq. in. 

154 Modifications in Tensile Strength. For flat bars which have 
to be reduced in width, a deduction of 1000 lb. per sq. in. from the 
tensile strength specified in Pars. 152 and 153, shall be made. 

155 Permissible Variations in Elongation. ‘Twenty per cent of 
the test specimens representing one size may show the following per- 
centages of elongation in 8 in.: 


ROUND BARS 


Sip WOE ROU CL, LOSLOG AS SOMO cis sa 4s ule wastes e's ele t eee lulata tte 20 per cent 
Piacerrsassm Tested AB TOLLEC DU.) Cesc u sok Ue seule a grc a eee 16 per cent 
BROCCO OF ACTEM TR a Ds ssh, Bia CeaNe Whar el: bal Wharurahe, Siete day, oes la erwmtan'a Git 18 per cent 


So gla REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


FLAT BARS . 
36 ‘in. on Over, PESted ASOLO 2). Fi). tsleveiefeiaye ae s/c 5 Wee s Sie nee 18 per cent 
Under! 3% ‘in., tasted asi molbedh. ois i's jo a 'o:ls jam laid ote lo nee yo eve omy ~ SBper..cent 
Regu ced) yah Bia Chee es pita saci pi servetings| bbs wel ay deers ee eee 16 per cent 


156 Bend Tests. a Cold-bend Tests—Cold bend tests will be 
made only on bars having a nominal area of 4 sq. in. or under, in 
which case the test specimen shall bend cold through 180 deg. without 
fracture on the outside of the bent portion, around a pin the diameter 
of which is equal to twice the diameter or thickness of the specimen. 

b IHot-bend Tests—The test specimen, when heated to a tempera- 
ture between 1700 deg. and 1800 deg. fahr., shall bend through 180 
deg. without fracture on the outside of the bent portion, as follows: 
for round bars under 2 sq. in. in section, flat on itself; for round bars 
2 sq. in. or over in section and for all flat bars, around a pin the 
diameter of which is equal to the diameter or thickness of the specimen. 

c Nick-bend Tests—The test specimen, when nicked 25 per cent 
around for round bars, and along one side for flat bars, with a tool 
_ having a 60-deg. cutting edge, to a depth of not less than 8 nor more 
than 16 per cent of the diameter or thickness of the specimen, and 
broken, shall not show more than 10 per cent of the fracture surface 
to be crystalline. 

d Bend tests may be made by pressure or by blows. 

15% Htch Tests.t The cross-section of the test specimen shall be 
ground or polished, and etched for a sufficient period to develop the 
structure. This test shall show the material to be free from steel. 

158 Test Specimens. a ‘Tension and bend test specimens shall 
be of the full section of material as rolled, if possible; otherwise the 
specimens shall be machined from the material as rolled. The axis 
of the specimen shall be located at any point one-half the distance 
from the center to the surface of round bars, or from the center to 
the edge of flat bars, and shall be parallel to the axis of the bar. 

6b Etch test specimens shall be of the full section of material as 
rolled. 

159 Number of Tests. a@ All bars of one size shall be piled 
separately. One bar from each 100 or fraction thereof will be selected 
at random and tested as specified. 

b If any test specimen from the bar originally selected to repre- 
sent a lot of material contains surface defects not visible before test- 


‘A solution of two parts water, one part concentrated hydrochloric acid, and one part con- 
centrated sulphuric acid is recommended for the etch test. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SHCTION I, POWER BOILERS BS 


ing but visible after testing, or if a tension test specimen breaks outside 
the middle third of the gage length, one retest from a different bar 
will be allowed. 


III PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN GAGE 


160 Permissible Variations. a Round bars shall conform to the 
standard hmit gages adopted by the Master Car Builders’ Association 
given in Table 2. 


TABLE 2 PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN GAGE FOR ROUND WROUGHT-IRON BARS 


Nominal] ~ Maximum Minimum Total 
Diameter, Diameter, Diameter, Variation, 
Inches Inches Inches Inches 
SOS ECHL CRIES BIO HOY OIRO blot cae e 0.2550 0.2450 0.010 
SORE OUOIOAE CES HiGIGI L REI E RE teak Ge 3180 0.3070 0.011 
eT ee ae ie ays) sted Sims ovate NYY Baw eat gL 0.3810 0.3690 0.012 
ee eo a Das ae Ok EMS U4 Aieiied RE OE Sg) SO Sa 0.4440 0.4310 0.013 
LIRR oP a PRY ery eyes IA Mine repens 2 TWN Dy ean 0 5070 0.4930 0.014 
18 SHAVER Dut EL ates Pacts tre erouae ee A Men icy eer ont a 0.5700 0.5550 0.015 
Aen ete Pr STEM AE ROP NRA Urs AGB FRR ena AN PO 0.6330 0.6170 0.016 
DAT oe osdic es SAMS Te RU ee sks 0.7585 0.7415 0.017 
WE BRS 1s ERP ROSE RSIS IERIE le SER Re OR 0.8840 0.8660 0.018 
Meh ar oe sche eka, O ehehs es SUR a eS, lta Dots eiseel & 1.0095 0.9905 0.019 
1 BEA ss ae | Br A CT aR Ty COSt NRE a 1.1350 1.1150 0.020 
8 AE elas. OL Sie Dich Sa art) 11) MBNA RM RA 1.2605 1.2395 0.021 


b The widths or thicknesses of flat bars shall not vary more than 
2 per cent from that specified. 


IV FINIsH 


161 Finish. The bars shall be smoothly rolled and free from 
slivers, depressions, seams, crop ends and evidences of being burnt. 


V INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


162 Inspection. a The inspector representing the purchaser 
shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the 
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s 
works which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The 
manufacturer shall afford the inspector, free of cost, all reasonable 
facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in ac- 
cordance with these specifications. 'Tests and inspection at the place 
of manufacture shall be made prior to shipment. 

b The purchaser may make the tests to govern the acceptance 
or rejection of material in his own laboratory or elsewhere. Such 
tests, however, shall be made at the expense of the purchaser. 


40 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E., 


163 Rejection. All bars of one size will be rejected if the test 
specimens representing that size do not conform to the requirements 
specified. 


SPECIFICATIONS FOR LAPWELDED AND SEAMLESS 
BOILER TUBES 


Approved by the Boiler Tube Manufacturers of America 
September 25, 1914 


I MANUFACTURE 
164 Process. a Japwelded tubes shall be made of open-hearth 
steel or knobbled hammered charcoal iron. 
b Seamless tubes shall be made of open-hearth steel. 


Il CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


165 Chemical Composition. a The steel shall conform to tl:e 
following requirements as to chemical composition: 


APRT DOM hihesiciphis tails hl sal sita'te (a allele (hie te pois ib Veta ta an ae 0.08-0.18 per cent 
Man ra nese oi) ieee ad's cle hig c a ais aed RRM eveme alata Met nce gl 0.30-0.50 per cent 
PROSTHOMAS viciag Hil olels wh bs) ale iy a BUAlnte Geet iAla ie aria Sb le a teat ans not over 0.04 per cent , 
SST 0 SS ORANG hw LRN ea ere EEN hat arate iterate not over 0.045 per cent ' 


b Chemical analyses will not be required for charcoal iron tubes. 

166 Check Analyses. a Analyses of two tubes in each lot of 
250 (or on total order if less than 250) may be made by the purchaser 
which shall conform to the requirements specified in Par. 165, Drill- 
ings for analyses shall be taken from several points around each tube. 

b If the analysis of only one tube does not conform to the re- 
quirements specified, analyses of two additional tubes from the same 
lot shall be made, each of which shall conform to the requirements 
specified. 


ITI PuHysicAt PROPERTIES AND TESTS 


167 Flange Test. a <A test specimen not less than 4 in. in length 
shall have a flange turned over at right angles to the body of the tube 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 41 


without showing cracks or flaws. ‘This flange as measured from the 
outside of the tube shall be 3 in. wide. 


b In making the flange test, the flaring tool and die block as 
shown in Fig. 7, may be used. 


168 Flattening Tests. A test specimen 3 in. in length shall 
stand hammering flat until the inside walls are brought parallel and 
separated by a distance equal to three (3) times the wall thickness, 
without showing cracks or flaws. In the case lapwelded tubes, the 
test shall be made with the weld at the point of maximum bend. 


Position after using Flaring Tool 
‘Position afterusing 
=e LP tld in Ria ers 


FLARING TOOL 


A=08. Diam. of Tube less a "6 PRD | -st-<Liners 
MA Mae ne Canoe DIE BLOCK ne 
C= p ” ” ” plus 2” 7 Ns COS: Diem. of Tube + $2 


Fig. 7 DETAILS OF FLARING TooL AND Diz BLock REQUIRED FOR MAKING 
FLANGE TESTS OF BoILER TUBES 


169 Hydrostatic Tests. 'Tubes under 5 in. in diameter shall stand 
an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1000 lb. per sq. in. and tubes 5 in. 
in diameter or over, an internal hydrostatic pressure of 800 lb. per sq. 
in. Lapwelded tubes shall be struck near both ends, while under pres- 
sure, with a two-pound hand hammer or the equivalent. 


170 Test Specimens. a _ All test specimens shall be taken from 
tubes before being cut to finished lengths and shall be smooth on the 
ends and free from burrs. 0 All tests shall be made cold. 


171 Number of Tests. One flange and one flattening test shall 
be made from each of two tubes in each lot of 250 or less. Hach tube 
shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. 


172 Retests. If the result of the physical tests of only one tube 
from any lot do not conform to the requirements specified in Pars. 167 
and 168, retests of two additional tubes from the same lot shall be 
made, each of which shall conform to the requirements specified. 


42 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.EH, 
ETCH TESTS FOR CHARCOAL IRON 


173 Hitch Tests.1 A cross section of tube may be turned or 
ground to a perfectly true surface polished free from dirt or cracks, 
and etched until the soft parts are sufficiently dissolved for the iron 
tube to show a decided ridged surface with the weld very distinct, 
while a steel tube would show a homogeneous surface. 


IV WorRKMANSHIP AND FINISH 


174 Workmanship. The finished tubes shall be circular within 
0.02 in. and the mean outside diameter shall not vary more than 0.015 
in. from the size ordered. All tubes shall be carefully gaged with a 
B.W.G. gage and shall not be less than the gage specified, except 
the tubes on which the standard slot gage, specified, will go on 
tightly at the thinnest point, will be accepted. The length shall not 
be less, but may be 0.125 in. more than that ordered. 

175 Finish. The finished tubes,shall be free from injurious de- 
fects and shall have a workmanlike finish and shall be practically free 
from kinks, bends and buckles. 


V MARKING 


176 Marking. ‘The name or brand of the manufacturer, the ma- 
terial from which it is made, whether steel or charcoal iron, and 
“Tested at 1000 lb.” for tubes under 5 in. in diameter, or “Tested at 
800 lb.” for tubes 5 in. in diameter or over, shall be legibly stenciled 
on each tube. 


VI INSPECTION AND REJECTION 


177% Inspection. All tests and inspection shall be made at the 
place of manufacture. ‘he manufacturer of boiler tubes shall furnish 
the purchaser of each lot of tubes a statement of the kind of material 
of which the tubes are made, and that the tubes have been tested and 
have met all the requirements of these rules. This statement shall be 
furnished to the manufacturer using the tubes. 

178 Rejection. ‘Tubes when inserted in the boiler shall stand 
expanding and beading without showing cracks or flaws, or opening 
at the weld. ‘Tubes which fail in this manner will be rejected and the 
manufacturer shall be notified. 


1A solution of two parts of water, one part concentrated hydrochloric acid, and one part 
concentrated sulphuric acid is recommended for the etch test. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 43 


CONSTRUCTION AND Maximum ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURES 
FOR PowER BOILERS 


179 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. The maximuny al- 
sowable working pressure is that at which a boiler may be operated as 
determined by employing the factors of safety, stresses, and dimensions 
designated in these Rules. 

No boiler shall be operated at a higher pressure than the maxi- 
mum allowable working pressure except when the safety valve or 
valves are blowing, at which time the maximum allowable working 
pressure shall not be exceeded by more than six per cent. 

Wherever the term maximum allowable working pressure is used 
herein, it refers to gage pressure, or the pressure above the atmosphere, 
in pounds per square inch. 

180 The maximum allowable working pressure on the shell of a 
boiler or drum shall be determined by the strength of the weakest 
course, computed from the thickness of the plate, the tensile strength 
stamped thereon, as provided for in Par. 36, the efficiency of the 
longitudinal joint, or of the ligament between the tube holes in shell 
or drum, (whichever is the least), the inside diameter of the course, 
and the factor of the safety. 


FSXExX EH 
RXFS 
where | 


TS = ultimate tensile strength stamped on shell plates, as 
provided for in Par. 36, lb. per sq. in. 


== maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 


¢ = minimum thickness of shell plates in weakest course, in. 


E = efficiency of longitudinal joint or of ligaments between 
tube holes (whichever is the least) 


R = inside radius of the weakest course of the shell or 
drum, in. 


FS = factor of safety, or the ratio of the ultimate strength of 
the material to the allowable stress. Hor new con- 
structions covered in Part I, FS in the above for- 
mula = 5, 


44 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTED, AM.SOC.M.E. 


BoIrLerR JOINTS 


181 Efficiency of a Joint. ‘The efficiency of a joint is the ratio 
which the strength of the joint bears to the strength of the solid 
plate. In the case of a riveted joint this is determined by calculating 
the breaking strength of a unit section of the joint, considering each 
possible mode of failure separately, and dividing the lowest result by 
the breaking strength of the solid plate of a length equal to that of the 
section considered. (See Appendix, Par. 410 to 416, for detailed 
methods and examples.) 

182 ‘The distance between the center lines of any two adjacent 
rows of rivets, or the “back pitch” measured at right angles to the 
direction of the joint, shall be at least twice the diameter of the rivets 
and shall also meet the following requirements: 


a Where each rivet in the inner row comes midway between 
two rivets in the outer row, the sum of the two diagonal 
sections of the plate between the inner rivet and the two 
outer rivets shall be at least 20 per cent greater than the 
section of the plate between the two rivets in the outer 
Tow. 


6 Where two rivets in the inner row come between two rivets 
in the outer row, the sum of the two diagonal sections of 
the plate between the two inner rivets and the two rivets 
in the outer row shall be at least 20 per cent greater than 
the difference in the section of the plate between the two 
rivets in the outer row and the two rivets in the inner row. 

183 On longitudinal joints, the distance from the centers of 
rivet holes to the edges of the plates, except rivet holes in the ends of 
butt straps, shall be not less than one and one-half times the diameter 
of the rivet holes. 

184 a Ovtrcumferential Joints. ‘The strength of circumferential 
joints of boilers, the heads of which are not stayed by tubes or through 
braces shall be at least 50 per cent that of the longitudinal joints of the 
same structure. 

b When 50 per cent or more of the load which would act on an 
unstayed solid head of the same diameter as the shell, is relieved by the 
effect of tubes or through stays, in consequence of the reduction of the 
area acted on by the pressure and the holding power of the tubes and 
stays, the strength of the circumferential joints in the shell shall be 
at least 35 per cent that of the longitudinal joints. 

185 When shell plates exceed 9/16 in. in thickness in horizontal 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 45 


return tubular boilers, the portion of the plates forming the laps of the 
circumferential joints, where exposed to the fire or products of com- 
bustion, shall be planed or milled down as shown in Fig. 8, to 14 in. 
in thickness, provided the requirement in Par. 184 is complied with. 


186 Welded Joints. The ultimate tensile strength of a longi- 
tudinal joint which has been properly welded by the forging process, 
shall be taken as 28,500 lb. per sq. in., with steel plates having a range 
in tensile strength of 47,000 to 55,000 lb. per sq. in. 


18% Longitudinal Joints. 'The longitudinal joints of a shell or 
drum which exceeds 36 in. in diameter, shall be of butt and double- 
strap construction. 


188 The longitudinal joints of a shell or drum which does not 


iO 
wpa a 


Fic. 8 CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINT FoR THICK PLATES OF HoRIZONTAL RETURN 
TUBULAR BOILERS 


exceed 36 in. in diameter, may be of lap-riveted construction ; but the 
maximum allowable working pressure shall not exceed 100 lb. per 
sq. in. 

~ 189 The longitudinal joints of horizontal return tubular boilers 
shall be located above the fire-line of the setting. 


190 A horizontal return tubular boiler on which a longitudinal 
lap joint is permitted shall not have a course over 12 ft. in length. 
With butt and double-strap construction, longitudinal joints of any 
length may be used provided the plates are tested transversely to 
the direction of rolling, which tests shall show the standards pre- 
scribed under the Specifications of Boiler Plate Steel. 


191 Butt straps and the ends of shell plates forming the longi- 
tudinal joints shall be rolled or formed by pressure, not blows, to the 
proper curvature. 


REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTRE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


LIGAMENTS 


192 Eificiency of Ligament. When a shell or drum is drilled for 
tubes in a line parallel to the axis of the shell or drum, the efficiency 
of the hgament between the tube holes shall be determined. as follows: 


a When the pitch of the tube holes on every row is equal (Fig. 
9), the formula is: 


p—d 
P 


= efficiency of ligament 
where 


p = pitch of tube holes, in. 
d = diameter of tube holes, in. 


Longitedinal Line sano 


Fic. 9 EXAMPLE ofr TuBE SPACING WITH PITCH OF 
HoLtes EQUAL IN EvERY Row 


Ezample: Pitch of tube holes in the drum as shown in Fig. 9 


= 514, in. Diameter of tubes = 314 in. Diameter of tube holes = 
8 9/32 in. | 


| Fon Boal 
ORIN mE Tt eae) = 0.375, efficiency of ligament 


o.K0 


Longitudinal Line ———>- 


Fig. 10 EXAMPLE OF TUBE SPACING WITH PITCH 
or HoLEs UNEQUAL IN EvERY SECOND Row 


b When the pitch of tube holes on any one row is unequal (as 
in Figs. 10 or 11), the formula is: 
p—nd 
P 


= efficiency of hgament 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 4% 


where 
p = unit length of ligament, in. 
n = number of tube holes in length, p. 
d = diameter of tube holes, in. 


Example: Spacing shown in Fig. 10. Diameter of tube holes — 
3 9/32 in. 
p—nd 12—2X3.281 


= 0.453, efficiency of ligament 


Hzample: Spacing shown in Fig. 11. Diameter of tube holes 
<= 3 9/32 in. 
p—nd  29.25—5 3.281 


— 


p 29.25 


= 0.439, efficiency of hgament 


yr. 
54 ~ 


--6§"- 


me wee ee a ee 


Longitudinal Line ————> 


Fig. 11 EXAMPLE oF TUBE SPACING WITH PitcH oF HOLES 
VARYING IN Every SECOND AND THIRD Row 


193 When a shell or drum is drilled for tube holes in a line 
diagonal with the axis of the shell or drum as shown in Fig. 12, the 
efficiency of the ligament between the tube holes shall be determined 
by the following methods and the lowest value used. 


0.95 (p,—d 
a oe = efficiency of ligament 
1 
—d 
b avai apt efficiency of ligament 


where 


p, = diagonal pitch of tube holes, in. 
d = diameter of tube holes, in. 
p = longitudinal pitch of tube holes or distance between 
centers of tubes in a longitudinal row, in. 


The constant 0.95 in formula a applies provided e is 1.5 or over. 


48 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


Example: Diagonal pitch of tube holes in drum as shown in Fig. 
12 = 6.42 in. 

Diameter of tube holes = 4 1/32 in. 

Longitudinal pitch of tube holes = 111% in. 


0.95 (6.424.031) 
6.42 


11.5—4.031 
11.5 


= 0.353, efficiency of hgament 


b = 0.649, efficiency of ligament 


The value determined by formula a is the least and is the one that 
shall be used in this case. 


Longitudinal Line ———>. 


Fig. 12 EXAMPLE oF TUBE SPACING WITH TUBE HOLES ON DIAGONAL LINES 


194. Domes. The longitudinal joint of a dome 24 in. or over in 
diameter shall be of butt and double-strap construction, and its flange 
shall be double riveted to the boiler shell when the maximum allowable 
working pressure exceeds 100 lb. per sq. in. 

The longitudinal joint of a dome less than 24 in.-in diameter may 
be of the lap type, and its flange may be single riveted to the boiler 
shell provided the maximum allowable working pressure on such a 
dome is computed with a factor of safety of not less than 8. 

The dome may be located on the barrel or over the fire-box on 
traction, portable or stationary boilers of the locomotive type up to 
and including 48 in. barrel diameter. For larger barrel diameters, the 
dome shall be placed on the barrel. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 49 


~ Disuep Heaps 


195 Convex Heads. The thickness required in an unstayed 
dished head with the pressure on the concave side, when it is a seg- 
ment of a sphere, shall be calculated by the following formula: 


RDM PML 
$e +6 


where 


t = thickness of plate, in. 

P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 
TS = tensile strength, lb: per sq. in. 

I, = radius to which the head is dished, in. 

Where the radius is less than 80 per cent of the diameter of the 
shell or drum to which the head is attached the thickness shall be at 
least that found by the formula by making L equal to 80 per cent of 
the diameter of the shell or drum. 

Concave Heads. Dished heads with the pressure on the convex 
side shall have a maximum allowable working pressure equal to 60 
per cent of that for heads of the same dimensions with the pressure 
on the concave side. 

When a dished head has a manhole opening, the thickness as 
found by these Rules shall be increased by not less than 1 in. 

196 When dished heads are of-a less thickness than called for 
by Par. 195, they shall be stayed as flat surfaces, no allowance being 
made in such staying for the holding power due to the spherical form.: 

19% The corner radius of an unstayed dished head measured on 
the concave side of the head shall not be less than 114 ’in. or more 
than 4 in. and within these limits shall be not less than 3 per cent of 
Jem) Par. 195: 

198 A manhole opening in a dished head shall be flanged 'to a 
depth of not less than three times the thickness of the head measured 
from the outside. 


BRACED AND STAYED SURFACES 
199 The maximum allowable working pressure for various 


thicknesses of braced and stayed flat plates and those which by these 
Rules require staying as flat surfaces with braces or staybolts of uni- 


Bo REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


form diameter symmetrically spaced, shall be calculated by the 
formula: 


{? 
TOE AN BB ) 
where 


P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 
t = thickness of plate in sizteenths of an inch 


P = maximum pitch measured between straight lines passing 
through the centers of the staybolts in the different 
rows, which lines may be horizontal, vertical or in- 
clined, in. 


C= 112 for stays screwed through plates not over 7/16 in. 
thick with ends riveted over 


C= 120 for stays screwed through plates over 7/16 in. thick 
with ends riveted over 


C= 1385 for stays screwed through plates and fitted with 
single nuts outside of plate 


C= 175 for stays fitted with inside and outside nuts and 
outside washers where the diameter of washers is not 
less than 0.4p and thickness not less than 7. 
If flat plates not less than 8 in. thick are strengthened with doubling 
plates securely riveted thereto and having a thickness of not less 
than 2/3 ¢, nor more than f, then the value of ¢ in the formula shall 
be 34 of the combined thickness of the plates and the values of C 
‘given above may also be increased 15 per cent. 

200 Staybolts. The ends of screwed staybolts shall be riveted 
over or upset by equivalent process. ‘The outside ends of such staybolts 
shall be drilled with a hole at least 3/16 in. diameter to a depth ex- 
tending 14 in. beyond the inside of the plates, except on boilers having 
a grate area not exceeding 15 sq. ft., where the drilling of the staybolts 
is optional. 

201 When channel irons or other members are seeurely riveted 
to the boiler heads for attaching through stays the transverse stress 
on such members shall not exceed 12,500 lb. per sq. in. In computing 
the stress, the section modulus of the member shall be used without 
addition for the strength of the plate. The spacing of the rivets over 
the supported surface shall be in conformity with that specified for 
staybolts. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 51 


202 The ends of stays fitted with nuts shall not be exposed to 
the direct radiant heat of the fire. 


203 ‘The maximum spacing between centers of rivets attaching 
the crowfeet of braces to the braced surface, shall be determined by 
the formula in Par. 199, using 135 for value of (. 

The maximum spacing between the inner surface of the shell and 
lines parallel to the surface of the shell passing through the centers 
of the rivets attaching the crowfeet of braces to the head, shall be 
determined by the formula in Par. 199, using 160 for the value of C. 


TABLE 3 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PITCH, IN INCHES, OF SCREWED STAYBOLTS, 
ENDS RIVETED OVER 


Thickness of Plate, In. 


Pressure, 
Lb. per Sq. In. vs | 3% | 16 % 16 % | is 
Maximum Pitch of Staybolts, In. 

100 514 636 fs ART CRRA FTG ey SA ce SR 
110 5 6 7 SS S-ia eR EW cM Chem Nai as ANT atk ian at 
120 434 534 634 fof TR MC ED, Ba RAN Pe pee 
125 434 5% 65% it CORFE RRM IS) RL UA at ) CRU 
130 454 5% 64 LOSE Oe Danaea GTR g Waughs 
140 414 53% 614 7% SoMa tile w See a ganas te 
150 44 5% 6 7% ie Oa (Sah are MSMR CaS 
160 414 5 5% 6% 6 SN VA Ce amt hi 
170 4 4% 5% 634 7% SPT We es aa 
DB ON Gs Oi, Tote ia deh: 434 5% 644 73% Big Velen ak ey 
35 SHCA DME Cig pvias 45% 538 63% 7% Co HRM Reon a 
SOU all ss aN Da ett 49 54 6% 7 734 84 
Pe eS TAPS ER ee 414 47% 5% 614 7% 8 
> 512 Ae ne Saga PY 4 45% 544 64 6% 75% 
DUO aie Terie rmrnmums ese Sel ys 44 5 554 614 7 


204 The formula in Par. 199 was used in computing Table 3. 
Where values for screwed stays with ends riveted over are required for 
conditions not given in Table 3, they may be computed from the 
formula and used, provided the pitch does not exceed 81% in. 


205. The distance from the edge of a staybolt hole to a straight 
line tangent to the edges of the rivet holes may be substituted for p 
for staybolts adjacent to the riveted edges bounding a stayed surface. 
When the edge of a stayed plate is flanged, p shall be measured from. 
the inner surface of the flange, at about the line of rivets to the edge 
of the staybolts or to the projected edge of the staybolts. 


52 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


206 ‘The distance between the edges of the staybolt holes may be 
substituted for p for staybolts adjacent to a furnace door or other 
boiler fitting, tube hole, hand hole or other opening. 

20% In water leg boilers, the staybolts may be spaced at greater 
distances between the rows than indicated in Table 3, provided the 
portions of the sheet which come between the rows of staybolts have 
the proper transverse strength to give a factor of safety of at least 5 
at the maximum allowable working pressure. 

208 The diameter of a screw stay shall-be taken at the bottom of 
the thread, provided this is the least diameter. 


OOOOOCOOOOOOO 


~ 
—R 
~ 
~ 
~ 


~ 


Fig. 13 METHOD OF DETERMINING Net AREA OF SEGMENT OF A HEAD 


209 The least cross-sectional area of a stay shall be taken in caleu- 
lating the allowable stress, except that when the stays are welded and 
have a larger cross-sectional area at the weld than at some other point, 
in which case the strength at the weld shall be computed as well as in 
the solid part and the lower value used. 


210 Holes for screw. stays shall be drilled full size or punched 
not to exceed 14 in. less than full diameter of the hole for plates over 
5/16 in. in thickness, and 1 in. less than the full diameter of the 
hole for plates not exceeding 5/16 in. in thickness, and then drilled 
or reamed to the full diameter. The holes shall be tapped fair and 
true, with a full thread. 


211 The ends of steel stays upset for threading, shall be thor- 
oughly annealed. : 


212 An internal cylindrical furnace which requires staying shall 
be stayed as a flat surface as indicated in Table 3. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 53 


213 Staying Segments of Heads. A segment of a head shall 
be stayed by head to head, through, diagonal, crowfoot or gusset stays, 
except that a horizontal return tubular boiler may be stayed as pro- 
vided in Pars. 225 to 229. 


214 Areas of Segments of Heads to be Stayed. The area of a 
segment of a head to be stayed shall be the area enclosed by lines drawn 
3 in. from the shell and 2 in. from the tubes, as shown in Figs. 13 
and 14. 


215 In water tube boilers, the tubes of which are connected to | 
drum heads, the area to be stayed shall be taken as the total area of 
the head less a 5 in. annular ring, measured from the inner circum- 
ference of the drum shell. 


YOOVTOO OO OOO® 


ae 


& 
™ 


Fic. 14. METHOD OF DETERMINING NET AREA OF IRREGULAR 
SEGMENT OF A HEAD 


When such drum heads are 30 in. or less in diameter and the 
_ tube plate is stiffened by flanged ribs or gussets, no stays need be used 
if a hydrostatic test to destruction of a boiler or unit section built in 
accordance with the construction, shows that the factor of safety is at 
least 5. 


216 Ina fire tube boiler, stays shall be used in the tube sheets if 
the distances between the edges of the tube holes exceed the maximum 
pitch of staybolts given in Table 3. That part of the tube sheet which 
comes between the tubes and the shell, need not be stayed when the 
distance from the inside of the shell to the outer surface of the tubes 
does not exceed that given by the formula in Par. 199, using 160 for 
the value of C. | 


54 REPORT OF BOTLER CODE COMMITTRE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


217% The net area to be stayed in a segment of a head may be de- 
termined by the following formula: 


it eae 2 (R—3) 
ST EE? 0.608. Pin 


—0.608 = area to be stayed, sq. in. 


where 


H = distance from tubes to shell, in. 
FR = radius of boiler head, in. 

218 When the portion of the head below the tubes in a horizon- 
tal return tubular boiler is provided with a manhole opening, the 
flange of which is formed from the solid plate and turned inward 
to a depth of not less than three times the thickness of the head, meas- 
ured from the outside, the area to be stayed as indicated in Fig. 14, 
may be reduced by 100 sq. in. The surface around the manhole shall 
be supported by through stays with nuts inside and outside at the front 
head. 


TABLE 4 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR STAYS AND 
STAYBOLTS 


Stresses, Lb. per Sa. In. 


Description of Stays For Lengths between|For Lengths between 
Supports not Exceed-| Supports Exceeding 
ing 120 Diameters 120 Diameters 


@ Unwelded stays less than twenty diameters long 


screwed through plates with ends riveted over. .| 7500 
& Unwelded stays and unwelded portions of welded 
stays, except as specified in linea............ 9500 8500 


e Welded portions Of stayS..........scecereeees 6000 6000 


219 ‘When stay rods are screwed through the sheets and riveted 
over, they shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 6 ft. In boilers 
without manholes, stay rods over 6 ft. in length may be screwed 
through the sheets and fitted with nuts and washers on the outside. 

220 The maximum allowable stress per square inch net cross 
sectional area of stays and staybolts shall be as given in Table 4. 

The length of the stay between supports shall be measured from 
the inner faces of the stayed plates. The stresses are based on tension 
only. For computing stresses in diagonal stays, see Pars. 221 and 222. 

221 Stresses in Diagonal and Gusset Stays. Multiply the area 
of a direct stay required to support the surface by the’slant or diagonal 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 55 


length of the stay; divide this product by the length of a line drawn 
at right angles to surface supported to center of palm of diagonal stay. 
The quotient will be the required area of the diagonal stay. 


axl. 


a 


where 


A = sectional area of diagonal stay, sq. in. 
a = sectional area of direct stay, sq. in. 
_ £ = length of diagonal stay, as indicated in Fig. 15, in. 
1 = length of line drawn at right angles to boiler head or 
surface supported to center of palm of diagonal stay, 
as indicated in Fig. 15, in. 


SS FBS SSS SSSI FPO SSS | 
AE ma BUTTS. WITT ! 


7 
« 
Poa 


Fic.. 15 MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINING STRESSES IN 
DIAGONAL STAYS 


Given diameter of direct stay = 1 in., a = 0.7854, L = 60 in., 
1 = 48 in.; substituting and solving: 


By 0 . ie 
ae oo = 0.981 sectional area, sq. in. 


Diameter = 1.11 im. = TA in. 

222 For staying segments of tube sheets such as in ovata 
return tubular boilers, where L is not more than 1.15 times / for any 
brace, the stays may be calculated as direct stays, allowing 90 per cent 
of the stress given in ‘Table 4. 

223 Diameter of Pins and Area of Rwets in Brace. The sec- _ 
tional area of pins to resist double shear and bending when secured in 
crowfoot, sling, and similar stays shall be at least equal to three- 


56 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTER, AM.SOC.M.E. 


fourths of the required cross-sectional area of the brace. The com- 
bined cross section of the eye at the sides of the pin shall be at least 
25 per cent greater than the required cross-sectional area of the brace. 

The cross-sectional area of the rivets attaching a brace to the 
shell or head shall be not less than one and one quarter times the re- 
quired sectional area of the brace. Each branch of a crowfoot shall 
be designed to carry two-thirds of the total load on the brace. The 
net sectional areas through the sides of the crowfeet, tee irons or 
similar fastenings at the rivet holes shall be at least equal to the re- 
quired rivet section. All rivet holes shall be drilled and burrs removed, 
and the pins shall be made a neat fit. 


TABLE 5 SIZES OF ANGLES REQUIRED FOR STAYING SEGMENTS OF HEADS 


With the short legs of the angles attached to the head of the boiler 


30” Boiler 34” Boiler 36” Boiler 


Leight i 
of Angle Angle | Angle | Angle | Angle | Angle | Angle | Angle D eer. 
Segment, | 37x24” 47x38” |314"x3"| 4”x3" | 5’x3” | 4x3” | 5”x3” 167x314) "0? 
Dimension B a ie 
in Fig. 16 | Thick- Thick- Thick- | Thick- | Thick- | Thick- | Thick- Fig. 16 
ness, ness, ness, | ness, | mess, | ness, | ness, 
inches | inches | inches inches | inches | inches | inches }| inches 
10 3 vs ts ae bat aT — IRE 6M 
11 16 3% te vs te i Tag Goat 7 
12 is is 3% is ts is ts ey % 
13 7 Ye 16 % Ys 1s % ma aa 
14 —~|— | % | «1 % | & | % | 8% 
15 —~{|—]— —-|% |x] | % | 9 
16 — — — o> — — 54 


224 Gusset stays when constructed of triangular right-angled web 
plates secured to single or double angle bars along the two sides 
at right angles shall have a cross-sectional area (in a plane at right 
angles to the longest side and passing through the intersection of the 
two shorter sides) not less than 10 per cent greater than would be 
required for a diagonal stay to support the same surface, figured by the 
formula in Par. 221, assuming the diagonal stay is at the same angle 
as the longest side of the gusset plate. 

225 Staying of Upper Segments of Tube Heads by Steel Angles. 
When the shell of a boiler does not exceed 36 in. in diameter and is 
designed for a maximum allowable working pressure not exceeding 100 
Ib. per sq. in., the segment of heads above the tubes may be stayed by 
steel angles as specified in Table 5 and Fig. 16, except that angles of 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 57 


equal thickness and greater depth of outstanding leg, or of greater 
thickness and the same depth of outstanding leg, may be substituted for 
those specified. The legs attached to the heads may vary in depth 
1% in. above or below the dimensions specified in Table 5. 

226 When this form of bracing is to be placed on a boiler; the 
diameter of which is intermediate to or below the diameters given in 
Table 5, the tabular values for the next higher diameter shall govern. 
Rivets of the same diameter as used in the longitudinal seams of the 
boiler shall be used. to attach the angles to the head and to connect 
the outstanding legs. 


-_— = 
— 
_-_L 


Not over 8-..-~SS 


a NS 
- 


=_— 
= 


See Table 


Ss 
_ 
= = 


= 
_-— Se ee 


Fic. 16 Staying or HEAD WITH STEEL ANGLES IN TUBULAR BOILER 


227% The rivets attaching angles to heads shall be spaced not 
over 4 in. apart. ‘The centers of the end rivets shall be not over 3 in. 
from the ends of the angle. The rivets through the outstanding legs 
shall be spaced not over 8 in. apart; the centers of the end rivets shall 
be not more than 4 in. from the ends of the angles. The ends of the 
angles shall be considered those of the outstanding legs and the lengths 
shall be such that their ends overlap a circle 3 in. inside the inner 
surface of the shell as shown in Fig. 16. 

228 The distance from the center of the angles to the shell of 
the boiler, marked A in Fig. 16, shall not exceed the values given in | 
Table 5, but in no case shall the leg attached to the head on the lower 
angle come closer than 2 in. to the top of the tubes. 


58 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.H. 


229 When segments are beyond the range specified in Table 5, 
the heads shall be braced or stayed in accordance with the requirements 
in these Rules. 

230 Crown Bars and Girder Stays. ‘Crown bars and girder stays 
for tops of combustion chambers and back connections, or wherever 
used, shall be proportioned to conform to the following formula: 


2 
Maximum allowable working pressure eee 


where 


W = extreme distance between supports, in. 

P = pitch of supporting bolts, in. 

D = distance between girders from center to center, in. 

d= depth of girder, in. 

T = thickness of girder, in. 

C = 7000 when the girder is fitted with one supporting bolt 

C = 10,000 when the girder is fitted with two or three sup- 
porting bolts 

C' == 11,000 when the girder is fitted with four or five sup- 
porting bolts 

C = 11,500 when the girder is fitted with six or seven sup- 
porting bolts 

C = 12,000 when the girder is fitted with eight or more sup- 
porting bolts 


Hzample: Given W = 34 YiuP [= Toa, 20 
d = 7.5. in., 1 =.2 In.;/three stays per girder, C=) 1O;000) tien 
substituting in formula: 

Maximum allowable working pressure = 


10,000 X75 X75 C2 
(384—7.5) X 7.75 X34 
231 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure on Truncated Cones. 
Upper combustion chambers or vertical submerged tubular boilers 
made in the shape of a frustum of a cone when not over 38 in. diam- 
eter at the large end, may be used without stays if figured by the 
rule for plain cylindrical furnaces (Par. 239) making D in the for- 
mula equal to the diameter at the large end. When over 38 in. in 
diameter, that portion over 30 in. in diameter shall be fully supported 
by staybolts or gussets to conform to the provisions for the staying of 
flat surfaces. 
232 Stay Tubes. When stay tubes are used in multitubular 


zs PG Pieter pen St], Ate 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 59 


boilers to give support to the tube plates, the sectional area of such 
stay tubes may be determined as follows: 


Total section of stay tubes, sq. in. = Ae 
where 
A = area of that portion of the tube plate containing the 
3 tubes, sq. in. 
a = aggregate area of holes in the tube plate, sq. in. 
e P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 


I = working tensile stress allowed in the tubes, not to exceed 
7000 lb. per sq. in. 
233 The pitch of stay tubes shall conform to the formula given 
in Par. 199, using the values of C as given in Table 6. 


TABLE 6. VALUES OF C FOR DETERMINING PITCH OF STAY TUBES. 


When tubes When tubes 
Pitch of Stay Tubes in the Bounding Rows have no Nuts are Fitted with 
Outside of Plates; Nuts Outside 
of Plates 
Where there are two plain tubes between each stay tube.... 130 
Where there is one plain tube between each stay tube...... 150 


Where every tube in the bounding rowsisa stay tube and 


exch algernate tube-nastaomie sous a teiel oe cdlae esses okie 170 


When the ends of tubes are not shielded from the action of flame or 
radiant heat, the values of O shall be reduced 20 per cent. The tubes 
shall project about 14 in. at each end and be slightly flared. Stay 
tubes when threaded shall not be less than 3/16 in. thick at bottom of 
thread ; nuts on stay tubes are not advised. For a nest of tubes C shall 
be taken as 140 and S as the mean pitch of stay tubes. For spaces be- 
tween nests of tubes S shall be taken as the horizontal distance from 
center to center of the bounding rows of tubes and C as given in 
Table 6. 


TUBE SHEETS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS 


234 The maximum allowable working pressure on a tube sheet 
of a combustion chamber, where the crown sheet is not suspended from 
the shell of the boiler, shall be determined by the following formula: 


(D—d) TX27,000 


eo WXD 


60 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE. AM.SOC.M.E, 


P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 
D = least horizontal distance between tube centers, in. 
d = inside diameter of tubes, in. 
T = thickness of tube plate, in. 
W = distance from tube sheet to opposite combustion chamber 
sheet, in. | 
Example: Mequired the working pressure of a tube sheet sup- 
porting a crown sheet braced by crown bars. Horizontal distance 
between centers, 41 in.; inside diameter of tubes, 2.782 in.; thickness 
of tube sheets, 11/16 in.; distance from tube sheet to opposite com- 
bustion chamber sheet, 3414 in., measured from outside of tube plate 
to outside of back plate; material, steel. Substituting and solving: 
Lee ; 6875 XK 27,00 
P= Uber eres o = 176 lb. per sq. in. 
235 Sling stays may be used in place of girders in all cases cov- 
ered in Par. 234, provided, however, that when such sling stays are 


Fig. 17 Proper LOCATION of STAYBOLTS ADJACENT TO LONGITUDINAL 
JOINT IN FURNACE SHEET 


used, girders or screw stays of the same sectional area shall be used for 
securing the bottom of the combustion chamber to the boiler shell. 

236 When girders are dispensed with and the top and bottom 
of combustion chambers are secured by sling stays or braces, the sec- 
tional area of such stays shall conform with the requirements of rules 
for stays and stayed surfaces. 

23% Furnaces of Vertical Boilers. In a vertical fire-tube boiler 
the furnace length, for the purpose of calculating its strength and 
spacing staybolts over its surface, shall be measured from the center 
of rivets in the bottom of the water-leg to the center of rivets in the 
flange of the lower tube sheet. 

238 When the longitudinal joint of the furnace sheet of a vertical 
fire-tube boiler is of lap-riveted construction and staybolted, a stay- 
bolt in each circular row shall be located near the longitudinal joint, 
as shown in Fig. 17. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 61 


239 Plain Circular Furnaces. The maximum allowable working 
pressure for unstayed, riveted, seamless or lap welded furnaces, where 
the length does not exceed 6 times the diameter and where the thick- 
ness is at least 5/16 in. shall be determined by one or the other of the 
following formulae: 


a Where the length does not exceed 120 times the thickness of 
the plate 
~= ee : (18.25 T)—(1.03XL) 

b ao the st exceeds 120 times the thickness of the plate 

p _ 4250xT 

eA Sp 9, 
where 

P = maximum allowable working pressure, Ib. per sq. in. 
D = outside diameter of furnace, in. 
I = length of furnace, in. 
T = thickness of furnace walls, in sixteenths of an inch. 


Where the furnaces have riveted longitudinal joints no deduction 
need be made for the joint provided the efficiency of the joint is greater 
than PXD divided by 1,250 T. 

Example. Given a furnace 26 in. in diameter, 94 in. long and 
1% in. thick. The length exceeds 120 times the thickness of the plate, 
hence the formula ()) should be used. Substituting the values in 
this formula: 


9 
Ye eee = JIT Ib.\ per sq. in. 

240 <A plain cylindrical furnace exceeding 38 in. in diameter shall 
be stayed in accordance with the rules governing flat surfaces. 

241 Circular Flues. The maximum allowable working pressure 
for seamless or welded flues more than 5 in. in diameter and up to and 
including 18 in. in diameter shall be determined by one or the other 
of the following formulae: 


a Where the thickness of the wall is less than 0.023 times the 
diameter | 

10,000,000 T? 

Ps er oy gE ee 

b Where the thickness of the wall is greater than 0.023 times 
the diameter 


i 
p _ 17,300 


62 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


where 
P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 
D = outside diameter of flue, in. : 
T = thickness of wall of flue, in. 

c The above formulae may be applied to riveted flues of the 
sizes specified provided the sections are not over 3 ft. in 
length and provided the efficiency of the joint is greater 
than PXD divided by 20,000 7’. | 

Example. Given a flue 14 in. in diameter and 5/16 in. thick. 
The thickness of the wall is less than 0.023 times the diameter ; hence 
the formula (a) should be used. Substituting the values in this 
formula: 


10,000,0005/16X5/16X5/16 


ae 4X 14X<14 = 110 Ib. per sq. in. 


242 Adamson Type. When plain horizontal flues are made in 
sections not less than 18 in. in length, and not less than 5/16 in. thick: 


a@ ‘They shall be flanged with a radius measured on the fire side, 
of not less than three times the thickness of the plate, and the flat 
portion of the flange outside of the radius shall be at least three times 
the diameter of the rivet holes. 


b ‘The distance from the edge of the rivet holes to the edge of the 
flange shall be not less than the diameter of the rivet hole, and the 
diameter of the rivets before driving shall be at least 14 in. larger than 
the thickness of the plate. 


c¢ The depth of the Adamson ring between the flanges shall be not 
less than three times the diameter of the rivet holes, and the ring shall 
be substantially riveted to the flanges. The fire edge of the ring shall 
terminate at or about the point of tangency to the curve of the flange, 
and the thickness of the ring shall be not less than 1% in. 

The maximum allowable working pressure shall be determined by 
the following formula: 


p=" (18.95 T)—(1.03L) \ 
where 
P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 
D = outside diameter of furnace, in. 
I, = length of furnace section, in. 
T = thickness of plate, in sixteenths of an inch. 
Example. Given a furnace 44 in. in diameter, 48 in, in length, 
and 1% in. thick. Substituting values in formula: 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 63 


Fi NBRGN af6, 4 
= Gy j (18.75x8)— (1.0348) 


= 1.309 (150—49.44) = 131 lb. per sq. in. 


ee 


243 The maximum allowable working pressure on corrugated 
furnaces, such as the Leeds suspension bulb, Morison, Fox, Purves, or 
Brown, having plain portions at the ends not exceeding 9 in. in length 
(except flues especially provided for) when new and practically circu- 
lar, shall be computed as follows: 


where 


CMT 


| Piper 8 


P = maximum allowable working pressure, lb. per sq. in. 

T’ = thickness, in.—not less than 5/16 in. for Leeds, Morison, 
Fox and Brown, and not less than 7/16 in. for Purves 
and other furnaces corrugated by sections not over 18 
in. long. 

D = mean diameter, in. 

C = 17,300, a constant for Leeds furnaces, when corrugations 
are not more than 8 in. from center to center and not 
less than 214 in. deep. 

C = 15,600, a constant for Morison furnaces, when corruga- 
tions are not less than 8 in. from center to center and 
the radius of the outer corrugations is not more than 
one half that of the suspension curve. 

C = 14,000, a constant for Fox Furnaces, when corrugations 
are not more than 8 in. from center to center and not 
less than 11% in. deep. 

C = 14,000, a constant for Purves furnaces when rib projec- 
tions are not more than 9 in. from center to center and 
not less than 13@ in. deep. 

C = 14,000, a constant for Brown Furnaces, when corrugations 
are not more than 9 in. from center to center and not 
less than 154 in. deep. 

C = 10,000, a constant for furnaces corrugated by sections not 
more than 18 in. from center to center and not less 
than 214 in. deep, measured from the least inside to 
the greatest outside diameter of the corrugations, and 
having the ends fitted one into the other and substan- — 
tially riveted together, provided that the plain parts 
at the ends do not exceed 12 in. in length. 


64 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


In calculating the mean diameter of'the Morison furnace, the least 
inside diameter plus 2 in., may be taken as the mean diameter. 

244 The thickness of a corrugated or ribbed furnace shall be as- 
certained by actual measurement. 'The furnace shall be drilled for a 
14-in. pipe tap and fitted with a screw plug that can be removed for 
the purpose of measurement. For the Brown and Purves furnaces, the 
holes shall be in the center of the second flat; for the Morison, Fox 
and other similar types, in the center of the top corrugation, at least 
as far in as the fourth corrugation from the end of the furnace. 

245 Cast Iron ITeaders. The pressure allowed on a water-tube 
boiler, the tubes of which are secured to cast-iron or malleable-iron 
headers, shall not exceed 160 Ib. per sq. in. The form and size of the 
internal cross section of a cast-iron or malleable-iron header at any 
point shall be such that it will fall within a 6 in. by 7 in. rectangle. 

246 The cast-iron used for the headers of water-tube boilers shall 
conform with the Specifications for Gray-iron Castings given in Pars. 
95 to 110, the header to be arbitrarily classified as a “medium casting” 

as to physical properties and tests, and as a “light casting” as to 
chemical properties. 

247 A cast-iron header when tested to destruction, shall withstand 
a hydrostatic pressure of at least 1200 lb. per sq. in. A hydrostatic 
test at 400 lb. per sq. in. gage pressure shall be made on all new 
headers with tubes attached. 


TUBES 


248 Tube Holes and Ends. ‘Tube holes shall be drilled full size 
from the solid plate, or they may be punched at least 14 in. smaller 
in diameter than full size, and then drilled, reamed or finished full 
size with a rotating cutter. 

249 The sharp edges of tube holes shall be taken off on both sides 
of the plate with a file or other tool. | 

250 <A fire-tube boiler shall have the ends of the tubes substan- 
tially rolled and beaded, or welded at the firebox or combustion cham- 
ber end. 

251 The ends of all tubes, suspension tubes and nipples shall be 
flared not less than 1% in. over the diameter of the tube hole on all 
water-tube boilers and superheaters, or they may be beaded. 

252 The ends of all tubes, suspension tubes and nipples of water- 
tube boilers and superheaters shall project through the tube sheets or 

headers not less than 14 in. nor more than 1% in. before flaring. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 6S 


*RIVETING 


253 Riveting. Rivet holes, except for attaching stays or angle 
bars to heads, shall be drilled full size with plates, butt straps and 
heads bolted in position ; or they may be punched not to exceed 14 in. 
less than full diameter for plates over 5/16 in. in thickness, and 14 in. 
less than full diameter for plates not exceeding 5/16 in. in thickness, 
and then drilled or reamed to full diameter with plates, butt straps 
and heads bolted in position. 


254 After drilling rivet holes, the plates and butt straps shall be 
separated and the burrs removed. 


255 Rivets. Rivets shall be of sufficient length to completely fill 
the rivet holes and form heads at least equal in strength to the bodies 
of the rivets. 


256 Rivets shall be machine driven wherever possible, with suffi- 
cient pressure to fill the rivet holes, and shall be allowed to cool and 
shrink under pressure. 


CALKING 


25% Calking. The calking edges of plates, butt straps and heads 
shall be beveled. Every portion of the calking edges of plates, butt 
straps and heads shall be planed, milled or chipped to a depth of not 
less than 4g in, Calking shall be done with a round-nosed tool, 


MANHOLES 


258 Manholes. An elliptical manhole opening shall be not less 
than 11 & 15 in. or 10 X 16 in. in size. A circular manhole opening 
shall be not less than 15 in. in diameter. 


259 .A manhole reinforcing ring when used, shall be of steel or 
wrought-iron, and shall be at least as thick as the shell plate. 


260 Manhole frames on shells or drums when used, shall have the 
proper curvature, and on boilers over 48 in. in diameter shall be riveted 
to the shell or drum with two rows of rivets, which may be pitched as 
shown in Fig. 18. The strength of the rivets in shear on manhole 
frames and reinforcing rings shall be at least equal to the tensile 
strength of that part of the shell plate removed, on a line parallel to 
the axis of the shell, through the center of the manhole, or other 
opening. | 


66 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


261 The proportions of manhole frames and other reinforcing 
rings to conform to the above specifications may be determined by the 
use of the following formulae, which are based on the assumption that 
the rings shall have the same tensile strength per square inch of sec- 
tion as, and be of not less thickness than, the shell plate removed. 


1X ty 
at 14 


He Mans l 
For a double-riveted ring: W = aL +2d 


For a single-riveted ring: W = 


a 


© 
© © 


© 
7 
av 


\ 


Fie. 18 MertHop or RivETING MANHOLE FRAMES TO SHELLS OR © 
DruMs witH Two Rows or RIVETS 


Xt 
For two single-riveted rings: W = ae +d 
For two double-riveted rings: W = 41x +d 


Where 

_W = least width of reinforcing ring, in. 
t, = thickness of shell plate, in. 
d= diameter of rivet when driven, in. 
t = thickness of reinforcing ring—not less than thickness of 

the shell plate, in. 

T = tensile strength of the ring, lb. per sq. in. of section 
a == net section of one side of the ring or rings, sq. in. 


S = shearing strength of rivet, lb. per sq. in. of section (see 
Par 16) 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 67 


1 = length of opening in shell in direction parallel to axis of 
shell, in. 
N = number of rivets 


To find the number of rivets for a single or double reinforcing ring: 


ae DAXT Xa 
NaN ds 


262 Manhole plates shall be of wrought steel or shall be steel 
castings. an 

263 The minimum width of bearing surface, for a gasket on a 
manhole opening shall be 4% in. . No gasket for use on a manhole or 
handhole of any boiler shall have a thickness greater than 14 in. 


264 A manhole shall be located in the front head, below the 
tubes, of a horizontal return tubular boiler 48 in. or over in diameter. 
Smaller boilers shall have either a manhole or a handhole below the 
tubes. There shall be a manhole in the upper part of the shell or head 

_of a fire-tube boiler over 40 in. in diameter, except a vertical fire-tube 
boiler, or except on internally fired boilers not over 48 in. in diameter. 
‘The manhole may be placed in the head of the dome. Smaller boilers 
shall have either a manhole or a handhole above the tubes. 


WasHout Homes 


265 A traction, portable or stationary boiler of the locomotive 
type shall have not less than six handholes, or washout plugs, located 
as follows: one in the rear head below the tubes; one in the front 
head at or about the line of the crown sheet; four in the lower part of 
the waterleg; also, where possible, one near the throat sheet. 


266 A vertical fire-tube boiler, except the boiler of a steam fire- 
engine, shall have not less than seven handholes, located as follows: 
three in the shell at or about the line.of the crown sheet; one in the 
shell at or about the line of the fusible plug when used; three in the 
shell at the lower part of the waterleg. A vertical fire-tube boiler, sub- 
merged tube type, shall have two or more handholes in the shell, in 
line with the upper tube sheet. 


26% <A vertical fire-tube boiler of a steam fire-engine shall have at 
least three brass washout plugs of not less than 1-in. iron pipe size, 
screwed into the shell and located as follows: one at or about the line 
of the crown sheet; two at the lower part of the waterleg. 


68 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


THREADED OPENINGS 


268 Threaded Openings. An opening in a boiler for a threaded 
pipe connection 1 in. in diameter or over shall have not less than the 
number of threads given in Table 7. . 


TABLE 7 MINIMUM NUMBER OF PIPE THREADS FOR CONNECTIONS TO 
BOILERS 


Size of pipe connec-| 1 and 114% 1°54 and2 |21% to 4|4% to 6| 7 and 8 |9 and 10 12 
tion inva Boe: ees inclusive] inclusive 


nn ee ee 


Number of threads 1114 11% 8 8 8 8 8 


a | | | 


Minimum number of 4 5 ff 8 10 12 13 
threads required in 


Minimum thickness 0.348 0.435 0.875 1 1/25 Li 1.625 
of material re- 
quired to give above 
number of threads, 


If the thickness of the material in the boiler is not sufficient to give 
such number of threads, there shall be a pressed steel flange, bronze 
composition flange, steel-cast flange or steel plate, so as to give the re- 
quired number of threads, constructed and riveted to the boiler in ac- 
cordance with methods given in Par. 261. A steam main or safety 
valve opening may be fitted with either a steel cast, wrought-steel or 
bronze composition nozzle. A feed-pipe connection may be fitted with 
a brass or steel boiler bushing. 


SAFETY VALVES 


269 Safety Valve Requirements. Tach boiler shall have two or 
more safety valves, except a boiler for which one safety valve 3-in. size 
or smaller is required by these Rules. 

270 The safety valve capacity for each boiler shall be such that 
the safety valve or valves will discharge all the steam that can be 
generated by the boiler without allowing the pressure to rise more 
than six per cent above the maximum allowable working pressure, or 
more than six per cent above the highest pressure to which any valve 
is set. 

2%1 One or more safety valves on every boiler shall be set at or 
below the maximum allowable working pressure. ‘The remaining 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 69 


valves may be set within a range of three per cent above the maximum 
allowable working pressure, but the range of setting of all of the 
valves on a boiler shall not exceed ten per cent of the highest pressure 
to which any valve is set. 


272 Safety valves shall be of the direct spring loaded pop type 
with seat and bearing surface of the disc either inclined at an angle 
of about 45 deg. or flat at an angle of about 90 deg. to the center 
line of the spindle. ‘The vertical lift of the valve disc measured 
immediately after the sudden lift due to the pop may be made any 
amount desired up to a maximum of 0.15 in. irrespective of the size 
of the valve. The nominal diameter measured at the inner edge of 
the valve seat shall be not less than 1 in. or more than 414 in. 


273 Hach safety valve shall have plainly stamped or cast on the 
body: 


a The name or identifying trade-mark of the manufacturer 


b The nominal diameter with the words “Bevel Seat” or “Flat 
peat” 


c The steam pressure at which it is set to blow 


d The lift of the valve disc from its seat, measured immedi- 
ately after the sudden lift due to the pop 


e The weight of steam discharged in pounds per hour at the 
pressure for which it is set to blow. 


274 The minimum capacity of a safety valve or valves to be 
placed on a boiler shall be determined on the basis of 6 lb. of steam 
per hour per sq. ft. of boiler heating surface for water tube boilers, 
and 5 lb. for all other types of power boilers, and upon the relieving 
capacity marked on the valves by the manufacturer, provided such 
marked relieving capacity does not exceed that given in Table 8. In 
case the relieving capacity marked on the valve or valves exceeds the 
maximum given in Table 8, the minimum safety valve capacity shall 
be determined on the basis of the maximum relieving capacity given in 
Table 8 for the particular size of valve and working pressure for | 
which it was constructed. The heating surface shall be computed 
for that side of the boiler surface exposed to the products of com- 
bustion, exclusive of the superheating surface. In computing the 
heating surface for this purpose only the tubes, shells, tube sheets 
and the projected area of headers need be considered. 


TABLE 8 DISCHARGE CAPACITIES FOR DIRECT SPRING-LOADED POP SAFETY VALVES, 
WITH 45 DEG. BEVEL SEATS 


Diameter, 1 In. Diameter, 144 In. Diameter, 1% In. 


Min. Int. Max. Min. Int. Max. 


Min. 

9.02 | 0.04 | 0.05°| 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 
95,500] 191,000, 238,900] 179,200} 238,800] 293,500] 214,900) 358,300 

65 131 163 122 163 203 146 245 

0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 |-0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 


127,700) 255,400; 319,300 


(eh dian eral 
239,500} 319,300) 399,100) 287,400) 478,900 


87 174 218 164 218 272 196 326 
0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.05 


208,200} 416,400) 520,400} 390,300} 520,400) 650,500) 468,300) 780,600 


142 284 354 266 354 444 320 532 
0.02 Q.04 0.05 0.03 C.04 0.05 0.03 


0.05 
75 ICH.......| 288,600; 577,200| 721,400! 541,100] 721,400] 901,800 649,30011,082,000!1,299,000 
Tats Bail 197,393; 492 369 492 rare 

Hitt ino) 0.02 .| 004 110108 . | 40203» fs-Olos ya) DouDa iis 0.06 
100 AGH us ccsne 369,000 738,000 922,500 691,900/ 922,500|1,153,000 , 
(ERC: ES Rr: aie Ae is 


0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 


SS ee Pe ’ ee 


307 613 767 575 767 1149 
0.02 6.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 


529,900)1,060,000)1,325,000) 993,500}1,325,000/1,656,000)1,192,000)1,987 ,000/2,384,00 


i 362 723 904 677 904 1355, 1625 
0.05 | 0.06 


0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 
610,300|1,221,000|1,526,0C0|1,144,000|1,526,000|1,907,000/1,373,00012, 289 ,00012,746, 
416 833} 1040 730| 1040 1561, 1872 
i02 fovea) (0084 (ianl dah eroenn 0.05 | 0.06 
690,7001,381,00011,727,000|1,295,000|1,727,000|2,158,000 
471 94i| 1178 83] ‘1178 
0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.63 | 0.04 
771,106|1,542,000/1,928,000]1,446,000|1,928,00012,410,000 
B26, 1052) «1315 gsc] «1315 
Lift, im} 6102 |) Glo) 0.680) Joos) iolbal 
ICH.......| 851,600'1,703,00C)2,129,000|1,597,00C |2,129,0C0l2,661,00011,916;000 


581 1161 145] 1089 145] 1814 1307 


1766 211¢ 
0.05 0.06 


0.05 0.06 
3,193,000/3,832,000 


2177 261+ 
0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.C4 0.05 0.83 0.05 0.06 


932,000/1 ,864,000/2,330,000)1 748,000 |2,330,006/2,913,000)2,097 ,O0L}3,495,000)/4,194,00( 


635 1271 1589 1192 1589 1986 1430 
0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.038 


300 VHC ELT SSC. 1,024,000!2 ,048,000/2,531,000/1,898,000|2,531 ,00C!3, 164,000): 


ILb. br... 60a 1807 1746 1294] 1726}. 2157| 1553 


The Discharge capacity of a Flat Seat Valve of a given diameter with a given lift may be obtained by multiplyin, 
the discharge capacity given in the Table for a 45 deg. bevel seat valve of same diameter and same lift, by 1.4. 
70 


TABLE 8 (Continuep) DISCHARGE CAPACITIES FOR DIRECT SPRING-LOADED POP 
SAFETY VALVES, WITH 45 DEG. BEVEL SEATS 


Lay! Diameter, 2 In. Diameter, 214 In. Diameter, 3 In. 
Sa: x Int. Max. Min. Int. Max. ail es agg RR Oe ea 
ift, in Tae T OORT Miia Ch Uer he Ota 1 OUR Un Po aetD 
Mew ethan «| 382,200| 573,300] 668,900] 477,700] 716,600/ 955,500] 716,600| 1,147,000| 1,433,000 
Lb. hr... . 326] 488; | 651 489 782 977 
Lift, in... . 0.04 | 0.06 G08; 1b O.Uk, CON Peto 
eat 510,900] 766,300] 894,000] 638,500| 957,900] 1,277,000! 957,900! 1,533,000] 1,916,000 
Rreht |. 529 6101 435 653 871 653 1046, 1307 
Lift, in... Rie Oey Orta I Oe wR Oa CURT MLO onion’ 
Rese | 1,561,000] 2,081,600] 1,561,000! 2,498,600! 3,122,000 
Lb. hr 710| 1064 1419 1064, 1703 2129] 
Lift, in 0.04 | 0.06 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 
Bay Sk 2,164,000] 2,886,000] 2,164,000] 3,463,000) 4,329,000 
a 1181] 1377 1475 1968 1475 2361 2951 
laine ee TP Oce 1 OLu7 0.06 0.08 | 0.05 | . 0.08 0.10 
$90 0: 10H css .5-: 1,476,000 2,768,000] 3,690,000} 2,768,000] 4,428,000] 5,535,00 
Fehr bi, 1007. f1510l Load7ell (ule@eet 1887 2516 1887} 3019 3774| 
le eh EA Oe Re ae eae ar ae a PT 
77 °c ge 2,247,000]3,371,000| 4,494,000! 3,371,000] 5,393,000! 6,741,000 
Lb. br 1836] 21451 1532] 2290 3064 2299 3677 4596 
Lift, in 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.06 0. f 0.0e) 0.08) auto 
150 ICH....... 2,649,0003,974,000| 5,299,000] 3,974,000] 6,358,000! 7,948,000 
Lb. hr.. 2158} 2529) 1806 2710 3613 2710 4335 5419 
Lift, in Oue i Olof | 0.04) | O08) Oda ft Olon h 6.08 |. Ollo 
Ty tg 4,577,000] 6,103,000] 4,577,000! 7,323,000! 9,154,000 
Lb. br 2497| 2913) +«2081| ~—- 3121 4161 3121 4993 6242 
Lift, in oer 0.G4 | O.0¢, 0.08, 8.05, 4 0.08 1 ali0" | 
Drie Won. 5,180,000] 6,907,000] 5,180,000} 8,289,000110,361,000 
Lb. hr... 2354 3532| . 4709 3532 565d 7064 
Lift, in... 0.04 | 0.06 0.08. | 0.0m , 0.08. |. a)10 
296) NCH ssiisis «- 3,085,000/4,626,000|5,398,000|3,856,00015,784,000| 7,711,000] 5,784,000] 9,254,000/11,567,000 
ayy 2629, 30944 5258 3044 6310 7390 
Lift,in.... 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.10 
250: |CH....... 3,406,00015,109,000|5,961,000}4,258,000|6,387,000] 8,516,000] 6,387,000110,219,000112,774,00 
Dishr ki, 2822 2903] 4356 5807| 4355 6968, 8708 
Lift,in.... 0.04 | 0.06 0.08 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 
onG ACH sce. 3,728,00015,592,000|6,524,00014,660,000|6,990,000] 9,320,000] 6,990,00011 1,180,000|13,980,000 
Lb. br... 3813, 4448] 3177/4766 6355, 4766 7620, 9533 
[cift,in. 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 
300 |CH..... ... .|4,050,000|6,075,000|7,087,000|5,062,00017,593,000110,124,000] 7,593,000|12,149,000]15,186,000) 


4832 6903 10,358) 


ischarge capacity of a Flat Seat Valve of a given diameter with a given lift may be obtained by multiplying 
the 2 epi dba given in the Table for a 45 deg. bevel seat valve of same diameter and same lift, by 1.4. 


This table is concluded on the following page. 


4143 3452 5177 5177 8280 


G1 


TABLE 8 (Conctupzep) DISCHARGE CAPACITIES FOR DIRECT SPRING-LOADED POP SAFETY 
VALVES, WITH 45 DEG. BEVEL SEATS 


Gage 
Pres., 
Lb. per - ; 
Sq. In. Min. Int. Max. Min. Int. 


Lift, in... . 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.10 


—_— | | | | | EF 


Diameter, 3% In. Diameter, 4 In. Diameter, 4% In, 


Min. Int. Max. 


0.08 0.11 0.13 


| 


Lb, he... 684 1026 1254 912 1303 1173 1613 1906 
itt, mt) 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.13 


— | | | —— | | Oe 


Lb. hr.... 914 1372 1676 1219 1742 2156 2547] | 
Lath, t.ic. 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.13 | 


eS [| | | 


De ote 1490 2235 2732 4151]. 
Lift, iat. 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.13 - 


eee ee |) | ee 


$$ ff sf | 


aj 
Q 
x 
Ss 
—_ 
(0) 
= 
oS 
(=) 
(=) 
Se 
iw) 
a] 
ag 
(=) 
(=) 
(=e) 
tag? 
(=) 
oO 
ot 
(=) 
(oo) 
(oe: 
ye 
© 
— 
tS 
(=) 
So 
i=) 
oe 
—" 
jor) 
we 
(=) 
(os) 
(=) 
& 
Wo) 
ive) 
age 
(=) 
i=) 
[= 
oe 
a] 
tS 
sa 
So 
or 
on 
aS 
2 
2 


Lib, hi, oo. 2066) 30991 «3788 48701 5756) - 
Lift,in....| 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.11. 0.11 | 0.137 | 
100 \cH, 2S 3,875,000] 5,812,000) 7,103,000] 5,166,000 7,380,000] 8,856,000] 6,642,000 9,133,000110,793,000 
Lb. be ns 2642 3963, «4843 6227} 7358] | 
Lift,in....| 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.11 are or ae ee | 
top lem en 4,719,000] 7,079,000| 8,652,000| 6,292,000] 8,988,000|10,786,000] 8,089,000111,123,000/13,146,000 
Lbahio 3218} 4826 5899) 42901. +6128 7583] 8963 
Lift,in. ccf | 0,06, |, 6.00' 1) 0.1% | 6. OF ono fod O11.) O48 
EO led. cee 5,564,000! 8,345,000|10,199,000| 7,418,000|10,597,000|12,717,000| 9,537,000113,114,000115,498,000 
tb beat: 3794, 5600, 6954 50581-7226 8940| 10566 
Lift,in....| 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.11. | 0.07 | 0.10 ary Oy MMe eT 
Weeder. ie) 6,408,000} 9,612,000]11,748,000| 8,544,000|12,206,000| 14,647,000110,985,000115,105,000/17,851,000 
Lh, West. 4369) 65531 ~+~—«-8010/_~Ssis24| «8320 10298) 12173 
Lift,in. | 0,067) 0.09) O41) O07 Oto) 0.11 0.13 
200 NAOH eau 7,253,000|10,879,000|13,296,000| 9,670,000|13,814,000| 16,580,000112,433,000117,095,000120,204,000 
Lb. bps, 4946 7418 9068 6593 9420 11655] 13773 


AGG, dns 0.06 0.09 OF1T 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.13 


VP mn ges 5521 8280 10120 7361 10514 13013 15383 
atts am... $% 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.13 


bb. bre ee 6097 9143 11175 8130 11614 14366 16980 


S - ; 
A) 
© 
os 
oe 
S 
i=) 
_ 
pe 
iS 
peak 
bw 
S 
oO 
— 
m@ 
vs) 
ve) 
w 
(=) 
= 
= 
Ke) 
iw) 
A 
S 
oO 
oO 
= 
say 
(=) 
(Je) 
_ 
S 
i=) 
bo 
i=) 
ee 
(J) 
Ace) 
j=) 
i=) 
i=) 
rary 
ie 
Ww 
bo 
Bs 
i=) 
j=) 
j=) 
bo 
= 
=) 
J 
Ao) 
(=) 
i=) 
S 
bo 
= 
S 
@ 
(=) 
So 
fo) 


Lattin. 10.06 1 6.0801 6.11 10.07) 010 | a ey es ea 
va ti loses ipa 9,786,000|14,679,000|17,941,000/13,048,000|18,640,000|22,368,000116,776,000123,067,000127,261,000 
Lb. hr... 6672} 10005] 12233) 8895] 12707 15728] 18585 
Lift,in....[ 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.11.| 0.07 | 0-10 0.11 | 0.13 
| 300 CH... ...|10,630,000|15,946,000|19,489,000114,174,000/20,249,000|24, 298 ,000118,224, 000125 058,000)29,614,000 
Lb. bree 7248] 10875) 132901 96681 13807 17088) 2019 


The Discharge capacity of a Flat Seat Valve of a given diameter with a given lift may be obtained by multiplying 
the discharge capacity given in the Table for a 45 deg. bevel seat valve of same diameter and same lift, by 1.4, 


72 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 73 


275 Safety valve capacity may be checked in any one of three 
different ways, and if found sufficient, additional capacity need not be 
provided: 

a By making an accumulation test, by shutting off all other 
steam discharge outlets from the boiler and forcing the 
fires to the maximum. The safety valve equipment shall 
be sufficient to prevent an excess pressure beyond six per 
cent as specified in Par. 270. 

b By measuring the maximum amount of fuel that can be 
burned and computing the corresponding evaporative ca- 
pacity upon the basis of the heating value of the fuel. See 
Appendix, Pars. 421 to 427. | 

ce By determining the maximum evaporative capacity by 
measuring the feed water. The sum of the safety valve 
capacities marked on the valves, shall be equal to or greater 
than the maximum evaporative capacity of the boiler. 

276 When two or more safety valves are used on a boiler, they 
may be either separate or twin valves made by mounting individual 
valves on Y-bases, or duplex, triplex or multiplex valves having two 
or more valves in the same body casing. 

277 The safety valve or valves shall be connected to the boiler 
independent of any other steam connection, and attached as close as 
possible to the boiler, without any unnecessary intervening pipe or 
fitting. Every safety valve shall be connected so as to stand in an up- 
right position, with spindle vertical, when possible. 

278 Each safety valve shall have full sized direct connection to 
the boiler. No valve of any description shall be placed between the 
safety valve and the boiler, nor on the discharge pipe between the 
safety valve and the atmosphere. When a discharge pipe is used, it 
shall be not less than the full size of the valve, and shall be fitted , 
with an open drain to prevent water from lodging in the upper part of 
the safety valve or in the pipe. 

279 Ifa muffler is used on a safety valve it shall have sufficient 
outlet area to prevent back pressure from interfering with the proper 
operation and discharge capacity of the valve. The muffler plates or 
other devices shall be so constructed as to avoid any possibility of re- 
striction of the steam passages due to deposit. When an elbow is 
placed on a safety valve discharge pipe, it shall be located close to the 
safety valve outlet or the pipe shall be securely anchored and supported. 
All safety valve discharges shall be so located or piped as to be carried © 


T4 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


clear from running boards or working platforms used in controlling the 
main stop valves of boilers or steam headers. 

280 When a boiler is fitted with two or more safety valves on one 
connection, this connection to the boiler shall have a cross-sectional 
area not less than the combined area of all of the safety valves with 
which it connects. 

281 Safety valves shall operate without chattering and shall be 
set and adjusted as follows: To close after blowing down not more 
han 4 Ib. on boilers carrying an allowed pressure less than 100 Ib. 
per sq. in. gage. To close after blowing down not more than 6 |b. on 
boilers carrying pressures between 100 and 200 lb. per sq. in. gage 
inelusive. To close after blowing down not more than 8 lb. on boilers 
carrying over 200 lb. per sq. in. gage. 

282 ach safety valve used on a boiler shall have a substantial 
lifting device, and shall have the spindle so attached that the valve 
dise can be lifted from its seat a distance not less than one-tenth of 
the nominal diameter of the valve, when there is no pressure on the 
boiler. 

283 The seats and discs of safety valves shall be of non-ferrous 
material. 

284 Springs used in safety valves shall not show a permanent set 
exceeding 1/32 in. ten minutes after being released from a cold com: 
pression test closing the spring solid. 

285 The spring in a safety valve shall not be used for any 
pressure more than 10 per cent above or below that for which it was 
designed. 

286 A safety valve over 3-in. size, used for pressures greater than 
15 lb. per sq. in. gage, shall have a flanged inlet connection. The 
dimensions of the flanges shall conform to the American standard 
given in Tables 15 and 16 of the Appendix. 

287 When the letters A S M F Std are plainly stamped or cast 
on the valve body this shall be a guarantee by the manufacturer that 
the valve conforms with the details of construction herein specified. 

288 very superheater shall have one or more safety valves near 
the outlet. The discharge capacity of the safety valve or valves on 
an attached superheater may be included in determining the number 
and sizes of the safety valves for the boiler, provided there are no in- 
tervening valves between the superheater safety valve and the boiler. 

289 Every safety valve used on a superheater, discharging super- 
heated steam, shall have a steel body with a flanged inlet connection, 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS TS 


and shall have the seat and dise of nickel composition or equivalent 
material, and the spring fully exposed outside of the valve casing so 
that it shall be protected from contact with the escaping steam. 

290 Every boiler shall have proper outlet connections for the 
required safety valve or valves, independent of any other steam outlet 
connection or of any internal pipe in the steam space of the boiler, the 
area of opening to be at least equal to the aggregate area of all of the 
safety valves to be attached thereto. 


WATER AND SrraAm Gacus 


291 Water Glasses and Gage Cocks. Fach boiler shall have at 
least one water glass, the lowest visible part of which shall be not less 
than 2 in. above the lowest permissible water level. 

292 No water glass connection shall be fitted with an automatic 
shut-off valve. 

293 When shut-offs are used on the connections to a water 
column, they shall be either outside screw and yoke type gate valves 
or stop cocks with levers permanently fastened thereto, and such 
valves or cocks shall be locked or sealed open. 

294 Each boiler shall have three or more gage cocks, located 
within the range of the visible length of the water glass, except when 
such boiler has two water glasses with independent connections to the 
boiler and located on the same horizontal line and not less than 2 ft. 
apart. 

295 No outlet connections, except for damper regulator, feed- 
water regulator, drains or steam gages, shall be placed on the pipes 
connecting a water column to a, boiler. 

296 ‘Steam Gages. ach boiler shall have a steam gage con- 
nected to the steam space or to the water column or its steam connec- 
tion. ‘The steam gage shall be connected to a syphon or equivalent 
device of sufficient capacity to keep the gage tube filled with water 
and so arranged that the gage cannot be shut off from the boiler 
except by a cock placed near the gage and provided with a tee or lever 
handle arranged to be parallel to the pipe in which it is located when 
the cock is open. Connections to gages shall be of brass, copper or 
bronze composition. 

29% The dial of the steam gage shall be graduated to not less 
than 114 times the maximum allowable working pressure on the boiler. 

298 Each boiler shall be provided with a 14-in. pipe size valved 


76 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


connection for attaching a test gage when the boiler is in service, so 
that the accuracy of the boiler steam gage can be ascertained. 


FITrinas AND APPLIANCES 


299 Nozzles and Fittings. All fittings shall conform to the 
American Standards given in Tables 15 or 16 of the Appendix. 
Where the maximum allowable working pressure is less than 125 lb. 
per sq. in., Table 15 shall be used and where higher, 'Table 16. 

300 The minimum number of threads that a pipe or fitting shall 
screw into a tapped hole shall correspond to the numerical values 
given for number of threads in Table 7. 


301 Stop Valves. Hach steam discharge outlet over 2 in. in di- 
ameter, except safety valve and superheater connections, shall be fitted 
with a stop valve or valves of the outside screw and yoke type, located 
as near the boiler as practicable. 


_ 802 The main stop valves of boilers shall be extra heavy when 
the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 125 lb. per sq. in. 
The fittings between the boiler and such valve or valves shall be extra 
heavy, as specified in Table 16 of the Appendix. 


303 When two or more boilers are connected to a common steam 
main, two stop valves, with an ample free blow drain between them, 
shall be placed in the steam connection between each boiler and the 
steam main. The discharge of this drain valve must be visible to the 
operator while manipulating the valve. The stop valves shall consist 
preferably of one automatic non-return valve (set next the boiler) _ 
and a second valve of the outside screw and yoke type; or, two valves 
of the outside screw and yoke type may be used. 


304 When a stop valve is so located that water can accumulate, 
ample drains shall be provided. 


305 Steam Mains. Provisions shall be made for the expansion 
and contraction of steam mains connected to boilers, by providing 
substantial anchorage at suitable points, so that there shall be no 
undue strain transmitted to the boiler. ‘Steam reservoirs shall be used 
on steam mains when heavy pulsations of the steam currents cause 
vibration of the boiler shell plates. 


306 Each superheater shall be fitted with a drain. 
307 Blow-off Piping. The size of a surface blow-off pipe shall 


not exceed 11% in., and it shall be carried through the shell or head 
with a brass or steel boiler bushing. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS 7 


308 Hach boiler shall have a bottom blow-off pipe, fitted with a 
valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest water space prac- 
ticable ; the minimum size of pipe and fittings shall be 1 in. and the 
maximum size shall be 24% in. Globe valves shall not be used on 
such connections. . 

309 A bottom blow-off cock shall have the plug held in place by 
a guard or gland. The end of the plug shall be distinctly marked in 
line with the passage. 

310 The blow-off pipe or pipes shall be extra heavy from boiler 
to valve or valves, and shall run full size without reducers or bushings. 
All fittings between the boiler and valves shall be of steel. 

311 When the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 125 
lb. per sq. in., the bottom blow-off pipe shall have two valves, or a valve 
and a cock, and such valves, or valve and cock, shall be extra heavy, 
except that on a boiler having multiple blow-off pipes, a single master 
valve may be placed on the common blow-off pipe from the boiler, in 
which case only one valve on each individual blow-off is required. 

3812 <A bottom blow-off pipe when exposed to direct furnace heat 
shall be protected by fire-brick, a substantial cast-iron removable 
sleeve or a covering of non-conducting material. 

313 An opening in the boiler setting for a blow-off pipe shall be 
arranged to provide for free expansion and contraction. 

d14 Feed Piping. The feed pipe of a boiler shall have an open 
end or ends. Wherever globe valves are used on feed piping, the inlet 
shall be under the disc of the valve. 

315 The feedwater shall discharge at about three-fifths the length 
of a horizontal return tubular boiler from the front head (except a 
horizontal return tubular boiler equipped with an auxiliary feedwater 
heating and circulating device), above the central rows of tubes, when 
the diameter of the boiler exceeds 36 in. The feed pipe shall be car- 
ried through the head or shell near the front end with a brass or steel 
boiler bushing, and securely fastened inside the shell above the tubes. 

316 Feedwater shall not discharge in a boiler close to riveted 
joints in the shell or to furnace sheets. 

31% ‘The feed pipe shall be provided with a check valve near 
the boiler and a valve or cock between the check valve and the boiler, 
and when two or more boilers are fed from a common source, there 
shall also be a globe valve on the branch to each boiler, between the 
check valve and the source of supply. 


78 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


318 When a pump, inspirator or injector is required to supply 
feedwater to a boiler plant of over 50 h. p., more than one such 
appliance shall be provided. 

319 Lamphrey Fronts. Each boiler fitted with a Lamphrey 
boiler furnace mouth protector, or similar appliance, having valves 
on the pipes connecting them to the boiler, shall have these valves 
locked or sealed open. Such valves when used, shall be of the straight- 
way type. 

320 Water Column Pipes. The minimum size of pipes connect- 
ing the water column to a boiler shall be 1 in. Water-glass fittings 
or gage cocks may be connected direct to the boiler. 

321 The water connections to the water column of a boiler shall 
be of brass and shall be provided with a cross to facilitate cleaning. 
Either the water column or this connection shall be fitted with a 
drain cock or drain valve with a suitable connection to the ashpit, or 
other safe point of waste. The water column blow-off pipe shall be 
at least 34 in. ; 

322 ‘The steam connection to the water column of a horizontal 
return tubular boiler shall be taken from the top of the shell or the 
upper part of the head ; the water connection shall be taken from a 
point not less than 6 in. below the center line of the shell. 


SETTING 


323 Methods of Support. A horizontal return tubular boiler 
over 78-in. in diameter shall be supported from steel lugs by the out- 
side suspension type of setting, independent of the boiler side walls. 
The lugs shall be so designed that the load is properly distributed 
between the rivets attaching them to the shell and so that not more 
than two of these rivets come in the same longitudinal line on each 
lug. The distance girthwise of the boiler from the centers of the 
bottom rivets to the centers of the top rivets attaching the lugs shall 
be not less than 12 in. The other rivets used shall be spaced evenly 
between these points. If more than four lugs are used they shall be 
set in four pairs. | 

324 A horizontal return tubular boiler over 54 in., and up to 
and including 78 in. in diameter, shall be supported by the outside 
suspension type of setting, or at four points by not less than eight 
steel or cast-iron brackets set in pairs. <A horizontal return tubular 
boiler up to and including 54 in. in diameter shall be supported by 
the outside suspension type of setting, or by not less than two steel 
or cast-iron brackets on each side. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION I, POWER BOILERS Th 


325 Lugs or brackets, when used to support boilers, shall be 
properly fitted to the surfaces to which they are attached. The 
shearing stress on the rivets used for attaching the lugs or brackets 
shall not-exceed 8 per cent of the strength given in Par. 16. 


326 Wet-bottom stationary boilers shall have a space’ of not less 
than 12 in. between the bottom of the boiler and the floor line, with 
access for inspection. 


ae? Access and Firing Doors. The minimum size of an access 
door to be placed in a boiler setting shall be 12 * 16 in. or equivalent 
area, 11 in. to be the least dimension in any case. 


328 A water tube boiler which is fired by hand shall have firing 
door or doors of the inward opening type unless such doors are pro- 
vided with substantial latching devices to prevent them from being 
blown open by pressure on the furnace side. 


Hyprostatic Trsts 


329 Hydrostatic Pressure Tests. After a boiler has been com- 
pleted, it shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test of one and one-half 
times the maximum allowable working pressure. ‘The pressure shall 
be under proper control so that in no case shall the required test 
pressure be exceeded by more than 6 per cent. 


330 During a hydrostatie test, the safety valve or valves shall 
be removed or each valve disc shall be held to its seat by means of a 
testing clamp and not by screwing down the compression screw upon 
the spring. 


STAMPING 


331 Stamping of Boilers. In laying out shell plates, furnace 
sheets and heads in the boiler shop, care shall be taken to leave at 
least one of the stamps, specified in Par. 36 of these Rules, so located 
as to be plainly visible when the boiler is completed; except that the 
tube sheets of a vertical fire-tube boiler and butt straps shall have at 
least a portion of such stamps visible sufficient for identification when 
the boiler is completed. 


33.2 Each boiler shall conform in every detail to these Rules, and 
shall be distinctly stamped with the symbol as shown in Fig. 19, de- 
noting that the boiler was constructed in accordanee therewith. Hach 
boiler shall also be stamped by the builder with a serial number and 


- 


80 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


with the builder’s name either in full or abbreviated, as indicated in 

Fig. 20. The height of the letters and figures used in stamping shall 
be not less than 14 in. and this stamp shall be placed directly below 
cr alongside The American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ stamp. 


(Name of State) 


(Number of Boiler) 1 


(Name of Builder) 


Fig. 19 OFFICIAL SYMBOL ror STAMP Fig. 20 Form or STAMP PROPOSED 
To DENOTE THE AMERICAN So- FOR THE BOILER MANUFACTURER 
CIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGI- 
NEERS UNIFORM STANDARD 


333 Location-of Stamps. The location of stamps shall be as 
follows: 

a On horizontal return tubular boilers—on the front head, - 
above the central rows of tubes. 

b On horizontal flue boilers—on the front head, above the 
flues. 

¢ On traction, portable or stationary boilers of the locomo- 
tive type or Star water-tube boilers—on the furnace end, 
above the handhole. 

d On vertical fire tube and vertical submerged tube boilers— 
on the shell above the fire door. 

e On water-tube boilers, Babcock & Wilcox, Stirling, Heine 
and Robb-Mumford standard types—on a head above 
the manhole opening, preferably on the flanging of the 
manhole opening. ; , 

f On vertical boilers, Climax or Hazleton type—on the top 
head. 

g On Cahall or Wickes vertical water tube boilers—on the 
upper drum, above the manhole opening. 

h On Scotch marine boilers—on the front head, above the 
center or right-hand furnace. 

4 On Economic boilers—on the front head, above the central 
row of tubes. 

j For other types and new designs—in a conspicuous loca- 
tion. 

334. ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ standard 
stamp and the boiler builder’s stamps shall not be covered by insulat- 
ing or other material. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS 
PART, L=-SECTION II 


Boiters Usep EXcuustvELy For Low Pressure Stream AND Hort 
WatTER HEATING AND Hor Water Suppiy 


(This does not apply to economizers or feed water. heaters.) 


BortLER MATERIALS 


. 3385 The Rules for power boilers shall apply: 


a To all steel plate -hot-water boilers over 60 in. in 
diameter. 


b To all steel plate hot-water boilers where the grate area 
exceeds 10 sq. ft. and the maximum allowable work- 
ing pressure exceeds 50 lbs. per sq. in. 

-.¢e Under other conditions, the following rules (Pars. 
336 and 337) shall apply. 


336 Specifications are given in these rules, Pars. 23 to 178, 
for the important materials used in the construction of boilers, 
and where given, the materials shall conform thereto. 


337 Flange steel may be used entirely for the construction of 

steam heating boilers covered in this section, but in no case shall 

/ steel of less than } in. thickness, nor tube sheets or heads of less than 
5/16 in. in thickness be used. 


Maximum ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE 


_ 338 The maximum allowable working pressure shall not exceed 
15 lbs. per sq. in. on a boiler built under these rules to be used 
exclusively for low pressure steam heating. 

339 <A boiler to be used exclusively for low pressure steam heat- 
ing may be constructed of cast-iron with connecting nipples of cast- 
iron, malleable iron, wrought-iron or steel and bolts of wrought-iron 
or steel, or wholly of steel or wrought-iron, or of steel and partially 
cast-iron, or of steel or wrought iron with cast-iron mud rings, door 
frames and manhole flanges. Threaded cast-iron nipples of less 
than four inches diameter shall not be used. 


340 All steel plate, hot-water and steam-heating boilers shall have 
a factor of safety not less than 5. 


82 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME, 


BorLER JOINTS 


341 Longitudinal lap joints will be allowed on boilers to be used 
exclusively for low pressure steam heating, when the maximum 
allowable working pressure does not exceed 15 lbs. per sq. in., and 
the diameter of the boiler shell does not exceed 60 in. 


342 The longitudinal joints of a horizontal return tubular 
boiler, if of the lap type, shall be not over 12 ft. in length. 


343 In a hot-water boiler to be used exclusively for heating 
buildings or hot-water supply when the diameter does not exceed 
60 in. and the grate area does not exceed 10 sq. ft., longitudinal! 
lap joints will be allowed. 

When the grate area exceeds 10 sq. ft. and the diameter of the 
boiler does not ‘exceed 60 in., longitudinal fap joints will be allowed 
providing the maximum allowable working pressure does not exceed 
50 lbs. per sq. in. 


344 Protection of Joints. When a boiler is built wholly or 
partially of steel and is used exclusively for low pressure steum 
heating, or when a hot-water boiler is used exclusively for heating 
buildings or for hot-water supply, it shail not be necessary to water 
jacket the rivets in the fire-box where one end of each rivet is exposed 
to the fire or direct radiant heat from the fire, provided any one of 
the following conditions is fulfilled: 

a Where the ends of the rivets away from the fire are pro- 
tected by means of natural drafts of cold air induced 
in the regular operation of the boiler; 

b Where the ends of the rivets away from the fire are in the 
open alr; 

ec Where the rivets are protected by the usual charges of , 
fresh fuel, which is not burned in contact with the rivets. 


WasHout HoLis ; 

345 A boiler used for hot-water supply shall have washout holes 

or other provision made for the removal of any sediment that may 
accumulate therein. 


BoILER OPENINGS 
346 Flanged Connections. Openings in boilers having flanged 
connections shall have the flanges conform to the American Standard 
given in Tables 15 or 16 of the Appendix, for the corresponding pipe 
size, and shall have the corresponding drilling for bolts or studs. 


SAFETY VALVES 


347 Outlet Connections for Safety and Waiter Relief Valves. 
Every boiler shall have proper outlet connections for the required 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 83 


safety, or water relief valve or valves, independent of any other 
connection outside of the boiler or any internal pipe in the boiler, 
the area of the opening to be at least equal to the aggregate area of 
all of the safety valves with which it connects. A screwed connection 
may be used for attaching a safety valve to a heating boiler. This 
rule applies to all sizes of safety valves. 


348 Safety Valves. Each steam boiler shall be provided with 
one or more safety valves of the spring-pop type which cannot be 
adjusted to a higher pressure than 15 lbs. per sq. in. 


349 Water-Relief Valves. Each hot-water boiler shall be pro- 
vided with one or more water relief valves with open discharges 
having outlets in plain sight. 


350 <A boiler used for heating buildings by hot water, or for 
hot water supply, shall be provided with a water relief valve or valves, 
which cannot be adjusted for a pressure in excess of the maximum 
pressure allowed on the boiler. All water relief valves must be fitted 
with a device for lifting the disc of the valve from its seat so that the 
working condition can be ascertained. 


351 No water relief valve shall be smaller than oneinch. Water 
relief valves to be of the following sizes: 

When the grate area does not exceed 8 sq. ft., a water relief 
valve not less than 1 in. size shall be used. 

When the grate area exceeds 8 square feet, but does not exceed 13 
square feet, a water relief valve not less than 14-in. size shall be used. 

When the grate area exceeds 13 sq. ft., but does not exceed 18 
sq. ft., a water relief valve not less than 1}-in. size shall be used. 

When the grate area exceeds 18 sq. ft., a water relief valve not 
less than 2-in. size shall be used. 


352 When two or more safety or water relief valves are used on 
a boiler, they may be single or twin valves. 


353 Safety or water relief valves shall be connected to boilers 
independent of other connections and be attached directly or as close 
‘as possible to the boiler, without any intervening pipe or fittings, 
except the Y-base forming a part of the twin valve or the shortest 
possible connection. A safety or water relief valve shall not be 
connected to an internal pipe in the boiler. Safety valves shall be 
connected so as to stand upright, with the spindle vertical, when 
possible. 


354 " No shut-off of any description shall be placed between the 
safety or water relief valve and boilers, nor on discharge pipes between 
them and the atmosphere. 


355 When a discharge pipe is used, its area shall be not less than 
the area of the valve or aggregate area of the valves with which it 


84 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME. 


connects, and the discharge pipe shall be fitted with an open drain 
to prevent water from lodging in the upper part of the valve or in 
the pipe. When an elbow is placed on a safety or water relief valve 
discharge pipe, it shall be located close to the valve outlet or the 
pipe shall be securely anchored and supported.. The safety or 
water relief valves shall be located as provided in Par. 353, and the 
discharge outlet so arranged that there will be no danger from 
scalding. 


356 Each safety valve used on a steam heating boiler shall have 
a substantial lifting device which shall be so connected to the dise 
that the latter can be lifted from its seat a distance of not less than 
one-tenth of the nominal diameter of the seat when there is no pressure 
on the boiler. 


TABLE 9. ALLOWABLE SIZES OF SAFETY VALVES FOR HEATING 
BOILERS 


Water Evaporated | 
sires ace mi 75 A ue A bh ty oe 
per Hour, Lbs. 


Maximum Allowable Zero Over 25 Over 59 Over 100 | Over 159 ee 
Working Pressure, to to to to to 209 Lba 
Lbs. per Square Inch 25 Lbs. 50 Lbs. 199 Lbs. 150 Lhs. 209 Lbs. . = 
Diameter aban 
of Valve, Ry i ri Area.of Grate, Square Feet 
Inches’ | FaU 
1 0.7854 2.00 2.50 2415 3.20 es Se: 
13 12272 3.25 4.00 4.25 5.00 5.5 5.75 
13 1.7671 4.50 5.FO 6.00 Gie2D 8.0 8.50 
2 3.1416 PieseOO 9.75 10.75 13.00 14.0 15.00 
2h 4.9087 12.50 15.00 16.50 20.00 22.0 23.00 
3 7.0686 iio 2150 24.00 29 .00 Sie oD 20 
3} 9.6211 24.00 29.50 32.50 39.50 43.0 45.25 
4 12.5660 31.50 38.25 42.50 51.50 56.0 59.00 
4} 15.9040 40.00 48.50 53'..50 65.00 + 71.0 74.25 


357 Every safety valve or water relief valve shall have plainly 
stamped on the body or cast thereon the manufacturer’s name or 
trade mark and the pressure at which it is set to blow. The seats 
and dises of safety or water relief valves shall be made of non-ferrous 
material. 


358 The minimum size of a safety valve for a steam boiler 
shall be one inch, and the maximum size shall be 44 inches. The 
size of safety valve required for a steam boiler shall be governed 
by the grate area of the boiler as shown in Table number 9 and the 
pressure allowed. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 85 


When the conditions exceed those on which Table 9 is based, 
the following formula for bevel and flat seated valves shall be used: 


W 70 
A= Xl 
je 
in which 
A = area of direct spring-loaded safety valve per square foot 
of grate surface, sq. in. 
W = weight of water evaporated per square foot of grate surface 
per second, lb. 
P = pressure (absolute) at which the safety valve is set to blow, 
Ibs. per sq. in. 


359 Double Grate Down Draft Boilers. In determining the 
number and size of safety valves the grate area shall equal the area 
of the upper or water grate. 


360 Borlers Fired with Oil or Gas. In determining the number 
and size of safety or water relief valve or valves for a boiler using 
gas or liquid fuel, 15 sq. ft. of heating surface shall be equivalent 
to one square foot of grate area. If the size of grate for use of coal 
is evident from the boiler design, such size may be the basis for the 
determination of the safety valve capacity. 


STEAM AND WATER GAGES 


361 Steam Gages. Each steam boiler shall have a steam gage 
connected to the steam space or to the water column or its steam 
connection. The steam gage shall be connected to a syphon or 
equivalent device of sufficient capacity to keep the gage tube filled 
with water and so arranged that the gage cannot be shut off from 
the boiler except by a cock placed near the gage and provided with 
a tee or lever handle arranged to be parallel to the pipe in which 
it is located when the cock is open. Connections to gages shall 
be of brass, copper or bronze composition. The dial of a steam 
gage for a steam heating boiler shall be graduated to not less than 
30 Ibs. 


362 Pressure or Altitude Gages. Each hot-water boiler shall 
have a gage connected in such a manner that it cannot be shut off 
from the boiler except by a cock with tee or lever handle, placed 
on the pipe near the gage. The handle of the cock shall be parallel 
to the pipe in which it is located when the cock is open. Connections 
to gages shall be made of brass, copper or bronze composition. The 
dial of the pressure or altitude gage shall be graduated to not less 
than 14 times the maximum allowable working pressure. 


363. Thermometers. Each hot-water boiler shall have a_ther- 
mometer so located and connected that it shall be easily readable 


a6 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME. 


when observing the water pressure or altitude. The thermometer 
shall be so located that it shall at all times indicate the temperature 
in deg. Fahr., of the water in the boiler. 


FIrrincs AND APPLIANCES 


364 Bottom Blow-Off Pipes. Each boiler shall have a blow-off 
pipe, fitted with a valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest 
water space practicable. 


365 Damper Regulators. When a pressure damper regulator 
is used, the boiler pressure pipe shall be connected to the steam 
space of the boiler. 


366 Water Glasses. Each steam boiler shall have one or more 
water glasses. 


367 Gage Cocks. Each steam boiler shall have two or more 
‘gage cocks located within the range of the visible length of the 
water glass. 


368 Water Column Pipes. The minimum size of pipes con- 
necting the water column of a boiler shall be 1 in. Water-glass 
fittings or gage cocks may be connected direct to the boiler. The 
steam connection to the water column of a horizontal return tubular 
boiler shall be taken from the top of shell or the upper part of the 
head; the water connection shall be taken from a point not less 
than 6 in. below the center line of the shell. No connections, except 
for damper regulator, oil burner regulator, feed water regulator, 
drains or steam gages, shall be placed on the pipes connecting a 
a water column to a boiler. 


METHODS OF SETTING 


369 Wet-bottom steel plate boilers shall have a space of not 
less than 12 in. between the bottom of the boiler and the floor line 
with access for inspection. 


470 Access Doors. The minimum size of access door used in 
boiler settings shall be 12 x 16 in. or equivalent area, the least 
dimension being 11 in. 


371 The longitudinal joints of a horizontal return tubular 
boiler shall be located above the fire-line. 


Hyprostatic Trsts 


372 A shop test of 60 Ibs. per sq. in. hydrostatic pressure shall 
be applied to steel or cast-iron boilers or to the sections of cast-iron 
boilers which are used exclusively for low pressure steam heating. 


373 Hot-water boilers for a maximum allowable working pressure 
not exceeding 30 lbs. per sq. in. used exclusively for heating buildings 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 8F 


or for hot-water supply, when constructed of cast-iron, including 
the nipples, or of cast-iron excepting the connecting nipples and 
bolts, shall be subjected to a shop test of 60 Ibs. per sq. in. hydrostatie 
pressure applied to the boiler or the sections thereof. 


374 A maximum allowable working pressure in excess of 30 Ibs. 
per sq. in. will be allowed on a hot-woter boiler constructed of cast- 
iron, including the nipples, or of cast-iron excepting the connecting 
nipples and bolts, used exclusively for heating buildings or for 
hot-water supply, provided such boilers or their sections have been 
subjected to a shop hydrostatic test of two and one-half times the 
actual working pressure. 


375 Individual shop inspection shall be required only for 
boilers which come under the rules for power boilers. 


STAMPING 
376 Each plate of a completed boiler shall show a sufficient 
portion of the plate maker’s stamp for identification. 
377 Name. All boilers referred to in this section shall be 
plainly and permanently marked with the manufacturer’s name 
and the maximum allowable working pressure. 


EXISTING INSTALLATIONS 


staid vs Uae 


Maximum ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE 

378 The maximum allowable working pressure on the shell of 

a boiler or drum shall be determined by the strength of the weakest 

course, computed from the thickness of the plate, the tensile strength 

of the plate, the efficiency of the longitudinal joint, the inside diameter 

of the course and the factor of safety allowed by these rules. 

PSXix sb ___ maximum allowable working pressure, Ib. per sq. in- 

~ where 


Rk XFS 
TS =ultimate tensile strength of shell plates, lb. per sq. in. 
t thickness of shell plate, in weakest course, in. 
E = efficiency of longitudinal joint, method of determining 
which is given in Par. 181, of these Rules 
R= inside radius of the weakest course of the shell or 
drum, in. 
FS = factor of safety allowed by these Rules. 


88 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME. 


379 One year after these rules become effective, boilers of butt 
and double strap construction shall not be operated without a factor 
of safety of at least four by the formula, Par. 378. Five years 
after these rules become effective, the factor of safety shall be at 
least four and five-tenths. In no case shall the maximum allowable 
working pressure on old boilers be increased, unless they are being 
operated at a lesser pressure than would be allowable for new boilers, 
in which case the changed pressure shall not exceed that allowable 
for new boilers of the same construction. 


380 The lowest factor of safety used for boilers, the shells or 
drums of which are exposed to the products of combustion, and the 
longitudinal joints of which are of lap riveted construction, shall 
be not less than the following: 


4+ for boilers not over five years ald, 

44 for boilers over five and not over ten years old, 

43 for boilers over ten and not over fifteen years old, 

5 for boilers over fifteen and not over twenty years old. 


For each five years thereafter the factor of safety shall be 
increased by not less than five-tenths; provided, however, that 
after a thorough internal and external inspection and a hydrostatic 
pressure test of one and one-half times the pressure allowed, during 
which no distress or leakage develops, the pressure allowed may be 
continued at a factor of safety of five. 

The owner or user of such boiler shall prepare the boiler for 
hydrostatic pressure test by uncovering all riveted joints. 


380-a The lowest factor of safety for boilers, the shells or drums 
of which are not exposed to the products of combustion, and the 
longitudinal joints of which are of lap riveted construction, shall 
be not less than the following: 


4 for boilers not over ten years old, 

A+ for boilers over ten and not over fifteen years old, 
45 for boilers over fifteen and not over twenty years old, 
5 for boilers over twenty years old. 


For each five years thereafter the factor of safety shall be increased 
by not less than five-tenths; provided, however, that after a thorough 
internal and external inspection and a hydrostatic pressure test of 
one and one-half times the pressure allowed, during which no dis- 
tress or leakage develops, the pressure allowed may be continued at 
a factor of safety of five. 

The owner or user of such boiler shall prepare the boiler for hydro- 
static pressure test by uncovering all riveted joints. 


381 Second-hand stationary boilers, by which are meant boilers 
where both the ownership and location are changed, and which are 
not less than ten years old and which have longitudinal joints of 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 89 


lap riveted construction, shall have a factor of safety of at least 54, 
by the formula of Par. 378, one year after these rules become effec- 
tive, unless constructed in accordance with the rules contained in 
Part I, when the factor of safety shall be at least five. 


382 Cast-cron Headers and Mud Drums. The maximum allow- 
able working pressure on a water tube boiler, the tubes of which are 
secured to cast-iron or malleable iron headers, or which have cast- 
iron mud drums, shall not exceed 160 Ibs. per sq. in. 


383 Steam Heating Boilers. The maximum allowable working 
pressure shall not exceed 15 lbs. per sq. in. on a boiler used exclusively 
for low pressure steam heating. 


384 No pressure shall be allowed on a boiler on which a crack 
is discovered along the longitudinal riveted joint. 


STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 


385 Tensile Strength. When the tensile strength of steel or 
_wrought-iron shell plates is not known, it shall be taken at 55,000 
lbs. per sq. in. for steel, and 45,000 lbs. per sq. in. for wrought-iron. 
When the tensile strength of cast-iron is not known, it shall be taken 
as 18,000 Ibs. per sq. in. 


386 Strength of Rivets in Shear. In computing the ultimate 
strength of rivets in shear the following values in lbs. per sq. in. of 
the cross-sectional area of the rivet shank shall be used: 


BRE TOUR LONG AMERY cai hii al Jk ce cs Kite aia. Wile ac Bee a igietigsd. acalcate gag as aya al 38 ,000 
Pr OTA AU ALOUD LORE REAL Elia) uh inti i. 25h wale dda Wid ged a's Weal a dob ar olandiet ps ww ele 76 , 000 
SEEDS TY BUREN OAT Cae log cos eet That ben celg Stasi n evapata ye lanehegy 6, a 44 ,000 
ETA re as CGUDISIBHE AR ee oa Ml tha ge ele elle la bie 88 ,000 


The cross-sectional area shall be that of the rivet shank after driving. 


387 Crushing Strength of Mild Steel. The resistance to crush- 
‘ing of mild steel shall be taken at 95,000 lbs. per sq. in. of cross- 
sectional area. 


TABLE 10 —SIZES OF RIVETS BASED ON PLATE THICKNESS 


Thickness ‘of plate....0 0.000... a 
Diameter of rivet after driving. 1g 


Thickness of plate............ 
Diameter of rivet after driving. 


case cence SESSSEESEEEESe 
ee sS 00>0600O0MhoeW0—=$~—$—@mmsms$m9m9mqmsmsm>ow>—s>s>—a>a>sa>an 


90 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME. 


388 Rivets. When the diameter of the rivet holes in the lon- 
gitudinal joints of a boiler is not known, the diameter and cross- 
sectional area of rivets, after driving may be ascertained from Table 
10, or by cutting out one or more rivets in the body of the joint. 


SAFETY VALVES FOR PoWER BOILERS 


389 The safety valve capacity of each boiler shall be such that 
the safety valve or valves will discharge all the steam that can be 
generated by the boiler without allowing the pressure to rise more 
than 6 per cent above the maximum allowable working pressure, or 
more than 6 per cent above the highest pressure to which any valve 
is set. 


390 One or more safety valves on every boiler shall be set at 
or below the maximum allowable working pressure. The remaining 
valves may be set within a range of 3 per cent above the maximum 
allowable working pressure, but the range of setting of all of the valves 
on a boiler: shall not exceed 10 per cent of the highest pressure to 
which any valve is set. 


391 Safety valve capacity may be checked in any one of three 
different ways, and if found sufficient, additional ai oan: need not 
be provided: 


a By making an accumulation test, by shutting off all other 
steam discharge outlets from the botler and forcing the 
fires to the maximum. The safety valve equipment shail 
be sufficient to prevent an excess pressure beyond 6 per 
cent as specified in Par. 389. 

6 By measuring the maximum amount of fuel that can be 
burned and computing the corresponding evaporative 
capacity upon the basis of the heating value of the fuel. 
See Appendix, Pars. 421 to 427. 

c By determining the maximum evaporative capacity by 
measuring the feedwater. The sum of the safety valve 
capacities shall be equal to or greater than the maximum 
evaporative capacity of the boiler. 


392 In case either of the methods outlined in sections 6 or ¢ 
of Par. 391 is employed, the safety valve capacities shall be taken 
at the maximum values given in Table 8 for spring loaded pop 
safety valves, or 0.66 times the maximum values given in Table 8, 
for lev er safety valves. 


393 When additional valve capacity is required, any valves 
added shall conform to the requirements in Part I of these rules. 


394 No valve of any description shall be placed between the 
safety valve and the boiler, nor on the discharge pipe between the 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 91 


safety valve and the atmosphere. When a discharge pipe is used, 
it shall be not less than the full size of the valve, and the discharge 
pipe shall be fitted with an open drain to prevent water lodging in 
the upper part of the safety valve or in the pipe. If a muffler is used 
on a safety valve it shall have sufficient outlet area to prevent back 
pressure from interfering with the proper operation and discharge 
capacity of the valve. The muffler plates or other devices shall be 
so constructed as to avoid any possibility of restriction of the steam 
passages due to deposit. When an elbow is placed on a safety valve 
discharge pipe, it shall be located close to the safety valve outlet 
or the pipe shall be securely anchored and supported. All safety 
valve discharges shall be so located or piped as to be carried clear 
from running boards or working platforms used in controlling the 
main stop valves of boilers or steam headers. 


FIrrines AND APPLIANCES 


395 Water Glasses and Gage Cocks. Each steam boiler shall have 
at least one water glass, the lowest visible part of which shall be not 
less than 2 in. above the lowest permissible water level. 


396 Each boiler shall have three or more gage cocks, located 
within the range of the visible length of the water glass, when si 
maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 15 lbs. per sq. 
except when such boiler has two water glasses with dlentdent 
connections to the boiler, located on the same horizontal line and not 
less than 2 ft. apart. 

Exception should be made where the height of the segment above 
the tubes on the boiler does not exceed 12 ins.; in which case, at least 
two gage cocks located within the visible range of the water glass 
must be used. 


397 No connections except for damper regulator, oil burner 
regulator, feed water regulator, drains, or steam gages, shall be 
placed on the pipes connecting a water column to a boiler. 


398 Steam Gages. Each steam boiler shall have a steam gage 
connected to the steam space or to the water column or to its steam 
connection. The steam gage shall be connected to a syphon or 
equivalent device of sufficient capacity to keep the gage tube filled 
with water and so arranged that the gage cannot be shut off from 
the boiler except by a cock placed near the gage and provided with 
a tee or lever handle arranged to be parallel to the pipe in which it 
is located when the cock is open. Connections to gages shall be of 
brass, copper or bronze composition. 

Each boiler shall be provided with a {-in. pipe size valved con- 
nection for attaching a test gage when the boiler is in service, so 
that the accuracy of the boiler steam gage can be ascertained. 


92 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.ME. 


399 Stop Valves. Each steam outlet from a power boiler (except 
_ safety valve connections) shall be fitted with a stop valve located 
as close as practicable to the boiler. 

It is recommended that when two or more boilers are connected 
to a common steam main, two stop valves, with an ample free blow 
drain between them be placed in the steam connection between each 
boiler and the steam main. Also that the discharge of this drain 
valve be visible to the operator while manipulating the valve and 
further that the stop valves consist of one automatic non-return 
valve (set next the boiler) and a second valve of the outside screw 
and yoke type; or two valves of the outside screw and yoke type 
may be used. 


400 When a stop valve is so located that water can accumulate, 
ample drains shall be provided. 


401 - Bottom Blow-off Pipes. Each boiler shall have a blow-off 
pipe fitted with a valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest 
water space practicable. 


402 When the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 
125 lbs. per sq. in., the blow-off pipe shall be extra heavy from 
boiler to valve or valves, and shall run full size without reducers or 
bushings. All fittings between the boiler and valve shall be steel, 
extra heavy malleable iron or extra heavy cast-iron. 


403 When the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 
125 lbs. per sq. in., each bottom blow-off pipe shall be fitted with 
an extra heavy valve or cock. Preferably two (2) valves, or a valve 
and a cock should be used on each blow-off in which case such 
valves, or valve and cock, shall be extra heavy. 


404 A bottom blow-off pipe when exposed to direct furnace 
heat, shall be protected from the products of combustion by fire- 
brick, a substantial cast-iron removable sleeve, or a covering of 
non-conducting material. 


405 An opening in the boiler setting for a blow-off pipe shall 
be arranged to provide for free expansion and contraction. 


406 Feed-Piping. The feed pipe of a steam boiler shall be 
provided with a check valve near the boiler and a valve or cock 
between the check valve and the boiler, and when two or more 
boilers are fed from a common source, there shall also be a valve 
on the branch to each boiler, between the check valve and the source 
of supply. When a globe valve is used on a feed pipe, the inlet 
shall be under the disc of the valve. 

The main feed in boilers shall not enter the boiler through the 
blow-off unless clearly impracticable to introduce it elsewhere. 

When a pump, inspirator, or injector is required to supply 
feedwater to a boiler of over 50 horse power, more than one such 
mechanical appliance shall be provided. 


NEW INSTALLATIONS, PART I, SECTION II. 93 


It is recommended that wherever possible the feed water entering 
boilers shall be not less than one hundred twenty degrees Fahrenheit. 


407 Lamphrey Fronts. Each boiler fitted with a Lamphrey 
boiler furnace mouth protector, or similar appliance, having valves 
on the pipes connecting them to the boiler, shall have these valves 
locked or sealed open. Such valves, when used, shall be of the 
straightway type. 


Hyprostatic PRESSURE TESTS 


408 Test Pressure. When a hydrostatic test is applied the 
required test pressure shall be one and one-half times the maximum 
allowable working pressure. The pressure shall be under proper 
control so that in no case shall the required test pressure be exceeded 
by more than 2 per cent. 


409 During a hydrostatic test of a boiler, the safety valve or 
valves shall be removed or each valve disc shall be held to its seat 
by means of a testing clamp and not by screwing down the com- 
pression screw upon the spring. 


APPENDIX 


EFFICIENCY OF JOINTS 


410 Lfficiency of Riveted Joints. The ratio which the strength 
of a unit length of a riveted joint has to the same unit length of 
the solid plate is known as the efficiency of the joint and shall be 
calculated by the general method illustrated in the following examples: 

TS = tensile strength stamped on plate, lb. per sq. in. 
t = thickness of plate, in. 
6b = thickness of butt strap, in. 
P = pitch of rivets, in., on row having greatest pitch 
d= diameter of rivet after driving, in. = diameter of rivet 
hole 


ie bee wee oe ae ee ae 


© 
©: 


Fig. 21 EXAMPLE or Lap Jornt, LONGITUDINAL 
OR CIRCUMFERENTIAL, SINGLE-RIVETED 


a = cross-sectional area of rivet after driving, sq. in. 

s = shearing strength of rivet in single shear, lb. per sq. in., 
as given in Par. 16 

S = shearing strength of rivet in double shear, lb. per sq. in., 
as given in Par. 16 

c = crushing strength of mild steel, lb. per sq. in., as given 
in» Par. 15 

n = number of rivets in single shear in a unit length of joint 

N = number of rivets in double shear in a unit length of joint. 


95 


tc 
SG 


REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEHR, AM.SOC.M.E. 


411 Kxample: Lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, single- — 
riveted. 


A =strength of solid plate=PxtTS 

B=strength of plate beween rivet holes = (P—d)tXTS 

C =shearing strength of one rivet in single shear =n Xs Xa 

D=crushing strength of plate in front of one rivet =dXtXc 

Divide B, C or D (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient will be the 
efficiency of a single-riveted lap joint as shown in Fig. 21. 


T'S = 55,000 lb. per sq. in. c=95,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
t= in. =0.25 in. A =1.625 X0.25 X 55,000 =22,343 
P=154 in, =1.625 in: B= (1.625—0.6875) 0.25 X 55,000 = 12,890 
d=i¢ In, =0.6875 in. C =1 44,000 X0.3712 = 16,382 


a =0.3712 sq. in. D =0.6875 X0.25 X95,000 = 16,328 
6 =44,000 Ib. per sq. in. 


Fig. 22 EXAMPLE OF Lap JOINT, LONGITUDINAL 
OR CIRCUMFERENTIAL, DOUBLE-RIVETED 


12,890 (B) 


=0.576 =efficiency of joint 
22,343(A) sec 


412 Hzample: Lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, double- 
riveted. 


A =strength of solid plate=P XtxTS 

B=strength of plate between rivet holes=(P—d) txT'S 

C =shearing strength of two rivets in single shear =n Xs Xa 

D=crushing strength of plate in front of two rivets=n Xd Xt Xc 

Livide B, C or D (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient will be the 
efficiency of a double-riveted lap joint, as shown in Fig. 22. 


TS =55,000 lb. per sq. in. c=95,000 lb. per sq. in. 
Ae 5 in: = 0/3125 in: A =2.875 X0.3125 X 55,000 =49,414 
=274 in, =2.875 in. B=(2.875—0.75) 0.3125 X 55,000 =36,523 
d= in.=0.75 in. C=2 44,000 X0.4418 =38,878 
a=0.4418 sq. in. D=2X0.75 X0.3125 X95,000 = 44,531 
s = 44,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
36,523 (B) 


=0.739 = efficie f joint 
49,414(A) Tar igual 


APPENDIX | 97 
413 Hzample: Butt and double strap joint, double-riveted. 


A =strength of solid plate=P Xt TS 
B=strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P—d) txTS 


C =shearing strength of two rivets in double shear, plus the shearing strength of 
one rivet in single shear =N XS Xa-++n Xs Xa 


D=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the shearing 
strength of one rivet in single shear in the outer row =(P—2d) txTS 
+nXsXa 


Fic. 23 EXAMPLE OF BuTtT AND DOUBLE STRAP 
JOINT, DouUBLE-RIVETED 


E=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of one rivet in the outer row = (P—2d) 


XTS+dxXbxXe 


F =crushing strength of plate in front of two rivets, plus the crushing strength 
of butt strap in front of one rivet =N XdXtXc+nXdxXbxXce 


G=crushing strength of plate in front of two rivets, plus the shearing strength 
of one rivet in single shear = N Xd Xt Xc-+n Xs Xa 


H =strength of butt straps between rivet holes in the inner row =(P—2d) 2) 
TS. This method of failure is not possible for thicknesses of butt straps 
required by these Rules and the computation need only be made for old 
boilers in which thin butt straps have been used. For this reason this 
method of failure will not be considered in other joints. 


Divide B, C, D, E, F, G or H (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient will 


98 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTER, AM.SOC.M.E. 


be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint, double-riveted, as shown in 


Fig. 23. : 
TS =55,000 lb. per sq. in. a=0.6013 sq. in. 
i= 34m. =0.375 in. s =44,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
b= 75 in. =0.3125 in. S =88,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
P=47 in. =4.875 in. c = 95,000 Ib. per sq. in. 


d= % in. =0.875 in. 
Number of rivets in single shear in a unit length of joint=1. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit length of joint =2. 


WZ, 
fOlO_o6!1 61616. 
7 | Ne: 


Pues 


Fig. 24. EXAMPLE OF BuTT AND DOUBLE STRAP JOINT, TRIPLE-RIVETED 


A =4.875 X0.375 X 55,000 = 100,547 

B=(4.875—0.875) 0.375 X55,000 =82,500 

C =2X88,000 X 0.6013 +1 X44,000 x 0.6013 = 132,286 

D = (4.875—2 X0.875) 0.375 X 55,000 +1 44,000 x0.6013 =90,910 

E = (4.875—2 X0.875) 0.375 X55,000-++0.875 X 0.3125 X95,000 =90,429 
F =2X0.875 X0.375 X95,000 -+0.875 X0.3125 X95,000 = 88,320 

G =2 X0.875 X0.375 X95,000 +1 44,000 X0.6013 =88,300 


82,500 (B) 


100,547 (A) = 0.820 =efficiency of Joint 


414 Hxample: Butt and double strap joint, triple-riveted. 
A =strength of solid plate=PxtxTS 
4 =strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P—d) txTS 
C=shearing strength of four rivets in double shear, plus the shearing strength 
oi one rivet in single shear = N XS Xa+nXs Xa 
D=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the shearing 


strength of one rivet in single shear in the outer row=(P—2d)tXTS 
+n Xs Xa 


APPENDIX 99. 


EH =strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the crushing 


strength of butt strap in front of one rivet in the outer row =(P—2d) é 
xXTS+dxbxXe 


F =crushing strength of plate in front of four rivets, plus the crushing strength 
of butt strap in front of one rivet =N Xd Xt Xc+n Xd Xb Xe 


G =crushing strength of plate in front of four rivets, plus the shearing strength 
of one rivet in single shear =N Xd Xt Xc+n Xs Xa 


Divide B, C, D, E, F or G (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient will 
be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint, triple-riveted, as shown in Fig. 24. 


TS =55,000 lb. per sq. in. a=0.5185 sq. in. 

t= 3 in.=0.375 in. s =44,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
b= ys in. =0.3125 in. S =88,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
P=6% in. =6.5 in. c =95,000 Ib. per sq. in, 


= 42 in, =0-8125 im. 
Number of rivets in single shear in a unit length of joint =1. 


Number of rivets in double shear in a unit length of joint =4. 


A =6.5 0.375 X 55,000 = 134,062 

B=(6.5—0.8125) 0.375 X55,000 = 117,304 

C=4X88,000 X0.5185-+1 X 44,000 X0.5185 = 205,326 

D=(6.5—2 X0.8125) 0.375 X55,000-+1 X44,000 x 0.5185 = 123,360 
E=(6.5—2 X0.8125) 0.375 X55,000-++0.8125 X 0.3125 X95,000 = 124,667 
F=4 0.8125 X0.375 X95,000-+1 X0.8125 X 0.3125 X9 5,000 = 139,902 

G@ =4X0.8125 X0.375 X95,000 +1 44,000 X 0.5185 = 138,595 


117,304 (B) 


=().875 =efficiency of joint 
134,062 (A) hele ull 


415 Hzample: Butt and double strap joint, quadruple-riveted. 


A =strength of solid plate =P xtxTS 
B =strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row =(P—d) txT'S 


C =shearing strength of eight rivets in double shear, plus the shearing strength 
of three rivets in single shear =N XS Xa+n Xs Xa 


D-=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the shearing 
strength of one rivet in single shear in the outer row=(P—2d) txTS 
+1Xs Xa 


FE =strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus the shearing 
streneth of two rivets in the second row in single shear and one rivet in 
single shear in the outer row = (P—4d) tx TS +n Xs Xa 


F =strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of one rivet in the outer row = (P—2d) t 
xTS+dxXbxXe 


100 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


G=strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of two rivets in the second row ahd one 
rivet in the outer row = (P—4d) t* TS+nXdXbXc 

H =crushing strength of plate in front of eight rivets, plus the crushing strength 
of butt strap in front of three rivets = N Xd XtXc+nXdXbxXc 

I =crushing strength of plate in front of eight rivets, plus the shearing strength 
of two rivets in the second row and one rivet in the outer row, in single 
shear =N XdXtXc+nXs Xa 

Divide B, C, D, E, F, G, H or I (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient 

will be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint quadruple-riveted, as shown 

in Pig, 25) 


Wat 
WZ 
(5 


| 


Fig. 25 EXxaMpLe oF Butt AND DOUBLE STRAP JOINT, QUADRUPLE-RIVETED 


TS =55,000 lb. per sq. in. a=0.6903 sq. in. 

t= Win.=0.5 in. s =44,000 lb. per sq. in. 
b= zs in. =0.4875 in. S =88,000 lb. per sq. in. 
P:=15 int | c=95,000 lb. per sq. in. 


d= 2% in. =0.9375 in. 
Number of rivets in single shear in a unit length of jomt =3. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit length of joint =8. 
A =15 0.5 X55,000 = 412,500 
B= (15—0.9375) 0.5 X 55,000 =386,718 
C =8 X88,000 < 0.6903 +3 x 44,000 X 0.6903 = 577,090 
D=(15—2 0.9375) 0.5 X55,000-++1 x 44,000 X0.6903 =391,310 
E = (15—4X0.9375) 0.5 X55,000-+3 X 44,000 0.6903 = 400,494 
F =(15—2 X0.9375) 0.5 X 55,000 +0.9375 X 0.4375 X 95,000 = 399,902 
G=(15—4 X0.9375) 0.5 55,000-+3 0.9375 X0.4375 X 95,000 = 426,269 
H =8X0.9375 X0.5 X 95,000 +3 X0.9375 X 0.4375 X 95,000 = 473,145 
I =8X0,9375 X0.5 X 95,000 +3 X 44,000 X0.6903 = 447,369 


386,718 (B) 


=(0.937 =efficiency of joint 
412,500 (A) a 


APPENDIX 701! 


416 Eaample: Butt and double strap joint, quintuple-riveted. 


A =strength of solid plate=P xt TS 

B=strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P—d) tx7S 

C =shearing strength of 16 rivets in double shear, plus the shearing strength of 
seven rivets in single shear =N XS Xa+n Xs Xa 

D=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the shearing 
strength of one rivet in single shear in the outer row =(P—2d) txTS 
+1xXsxXa 

E=strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus the shearing 
strength of two rivets in the second row in single shear and one rivet in 
single shear in the outer row = (P—4d) tXTS+3 Xs Xa 


Fic. 26 Exampie or Burt AND DouBLE STRAP JOINT, QUINTUPLE-RIVETED 


F =strength of plate between rivet holes in the fourth row, plus the shearing 
strength of four rivets in the third row, two rivets in the second row and 
one rivet in the outer row in single shear = (P—8d) tX TS+nXs Xa 

G=strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of one rivet in the outer row =(P—2d) t 
xXTS+dXbXc 

H =strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of two rivets in the second row and one 
rivet in the outer row = (P—4d) tXTS+3 XdXbXc 

I=strength of plate between rivet holes in the fourth row, plus the crushing 
strength of butt strap in front of four rivets in the third row, two rivets 
in the second row and one rivet in the outer row=(P—8d) txXTS+n 
xdxXbXce 


102 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEHR, AM.SOC.M.E. 


J =crushing strength of plate in front of 16 rivets, plus the crushing strength of 
butt strap in front of seven rivets=N Xd XtXc+nxXdxXbxXc 

AK =crushing strength of plate in front of 16 rivets, plus the shearing strength 
of four rivets in the third row, two rivets in the second row and one rivet 
in the outer row in single shear = N Xd Xt Xc-+n Xs Xa 

Divide B, C, D, EH, F, G, H, I, J or K (whichever is the least) by A, and the quo- 

tient will be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint, quintuple-riveted, as 

shown In Fig. 26 or Fig. 27. 


T'S'= 55,000 Ib. per sq. in. a =1.3529 sq. in. 
= 34 1n.=0;78 Im s =44,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
b= 14m. =0.5 m. S =88,000 Ib. per sq. in. 
P36 in, c =95,000 Ib. per sq. in. 


d= bee)in. = £2125 in: 


i— 4 + EO - 


DDO | 


ha 
AS 


N 
N 


XG, 


Q 


He SUA 


WANT AN) 
QZ 


Fig. 27. EXAMPLE OF Butt AND DOUBLE STRAP JOINT, QUINTUPLE-RIVETED 


Number cf rivets in single shear in a unit length of joint =7. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit length of joint =16. 


A=36X0.75 55,000 = 1,485,000 

B =(36—1.3125) 0.75 X 55,000 = 1,430,860 

C =16 X88,000 X1.3529-+7 x 44,000 X 1.3529 =2,321,576 

D=(36—2 X1.3125) 0.75 X55,000-+ 1 X44,000 X 1.3529 = 1,436,246 
F=(36—4X 1.3125) 0.75 X55,000-+3 X44,000 x 1.3529 = 1,447,020 

F =(36—8 X 1.3125) 0.75 X 55,000 +7 X 44,000 X 1.3529 = 1,468,568 

G = (36—2 X 1.3125) 0.75 55,000+1.3125 X0.5 X 95,000 = 1,439,064 

H =(86—4 X 1.8125) 0.75 X55,000-+3 X 1.3125 X0.5 X 95,000 = 1,455,472 
I =(86—8 X1.3125) 0.75 X55,000-++7 X 1.3125 X0.5 X95,000 = 1,488, 141 
J =16 X1.3125 X0.75 X95,000-+7 1.3125 X0.5 X95,000 = 1,932,266 

KK =16 1.3125 0.75 X95,000-+7 X44,000-X 1.3529 = 1,912,943 


1,430,8€0 (B) 


=0.963 =efficiency of joint 
1,485,000 (A) AN 


APPENDIX 108 


417 Figs. 28 and 29 illustrate other joints that may be used. 
The butt and double strap joint with straps of equal width shown in 
Fig. 28 may be so designed that it will have an efficiency of from 82 
to 84 per cent and the saw-tooth joint shown in Fig. 29 so that it will 
have an efficiency of from 92 to 94 per cent. 


rp (ee eee 
’ MOCK 


it: 


OD 


ILLUSTRATION OF Butt AND DovusLE Strap Joint witH STRAPS oF 
EQuAL WIDTH 


==" ae ee 


LOC ES 


Fic. 29 ILLUSTRATION oF BuTT AND DovuBLE Strap JOINT OF THE SAW-TOOTH 
TYPE 


104 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEH, AM.SOC.M.E. 


BRACED AND STAYED SURFACES 


418 The allowable loads based on the net cross-sectional areas of 
staybolts with V-threads, are computed from the following formulae. 
The use of Whitworth threads with other pitches is permissible. 

_ The formula for the diameter of a staybolt at the bottom of a 
V-thread is: 
D— (P X 1.782) = 

where 

D = diameter of staybolt over the ree in. 

P = pitch of threads, in. 

= diameter of staybolt at bottom of pveran in, 
1.732 = a constant 


When U.S. threads are used, the formula becomes 
DP KAS eX 0 toys 


Tables 11 and 12 give the allowable loads on net cross-sectional 
areas for staybolts with V-threads, having 12 and 10 threads per inch. 


TABLE 11. ALLOWABLE LOADS ON STAYBOLTS WITH V-THREADS, 12 THREADS 


PER INCH 
: : Diameter at Net Cross- Allowable Load 

Opeade i boar via Botrore of oe heen pty « 7500 Lb, 

“‘hrea at Bottom o tress, per 
Staybolts, In. In. Thread), Sq. In. Sq. In. 
x 0.7500 0.6057 0.288 2160 
4 0.8125 0.6682 0.351 2632 
KB 0.8750 0.7307 0.419 3142 
4a 0.9375 0.7932 0.494 3705 
1 1.0000 0.8557 0.575 4312 
ly 1.0625 0.9182 0.662 4965 
1k 1.1250 0.9807 0.755 5662 
14% 1.1875 1.0432 0.855 6412 
1% 1.2500 1.1057 0.960 7200 
1s 1.3125 1.1682 1.072 8040 
1% 1.3750 1.2307 1.190 8925 
1G 1.4375 1.2932 Deole 9849 
1% 1.5000 iescoor 1.444 10830 


APPENDIX 1065 


TABLE 12. ALLOWABLE LOADS ON STAYBOLTS WITH V-THREADS, 10 THREADS 


PER INCH 
: : Diameter at Net Cross- Allowable Load 

cae ih 2 ab te Fae tise sikee i 7500 Lb. 

‘ : fo) read, at Bottom o tress per 

ei ra In, Thread), Sq. In. Sa. In. 
1% 1.2500 1.0768 0.911 6832 
1% 1.3125 1.1393 1,019 7642 
13% 1.3750 1.2018 1.134 8505 
1s 1.4375 1.2643 1.255 9412 
1% 1,5000 1.3268 1.382 10365 
1% 1.5625 1.3893 1.515 11362 
1% 1.6250 1.4518 1.655 12412 


419 Table 13 shows the allowable loads on net cross-sectional 
areas of round stays or braces. 


TABLE 13. ALLOWABLE LOADS ON ROUND BRACES OR STAY RODS 


Allowable Stress, in Lb. per Sq. In., Net Cross-sectional 


Seton re Net. ; Area 

iameter ross-sectiona 

of Circular Area of Stay, 6000 8500 9500 

Stay, In. in Sq. In. eNO IS em PS PPE A eae Zs IN eae A Oe 
Allowable Load, in Lb., on Net Cross-sectional Area 

1 1.0000 0.7854 4712 6676 7462 
1? 1.0625 0.8866 5320 7536 8423 
1% 1.1250 0.9940 5964 8449 9443 
14% 1.1875 1.1075 6645 9414 10521 
1% 1.2500 1.2272 7363 10431 11658 
1% 1.3125 1.3530 8118 11501 12854 
1% 1.3750 1.4849 8909 12622 14107 
1% 1.4875 1.6230 9738 13796 15419 
1% 1.5000 1.7671 10603 15020 16787 
1% 1.5625 1.9175 11505 16298 18216 
1% 1.6250 2.0739 12443 17628 19702 
1# 1.6875 22365 13419 19010 21247 
1% 1.7500 2.4053 14432 20445 22852 
14 1.8125 2.5802 15481 21932 24512 
1% 1.8750 2.7612 16567 23470 26231 
134 1.9375 2.9483 17690 25061 28009 
2 2.0000 3.1416 18850 26704 29845 
2% 2.1250 3.5466 21280 30147 33693 
2% 2.2500 3.9761 23857 33797 37773 
23% 2.3750 4.4301 26580 37656 42086 
2%. 2.5000 4.9087 29452 41724 46632 
2% 2.6250 5.4119 32471 46001 51413 
234 2.7500 5.9396 35638 50487 56426 
2% 2.8750 6.4918 38951 55181 61673 
3 3.0000 7.0686 42412 60083 67152 


420 Table 14 gives the net areas of segments of heads for use in 
computing stays. 


106 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E, 


TABLE 14. NET AREAS OF SEGMENTS OF HEADS 


ee eee 


Height Diameter of Boiler. In. 
from f 
Meet 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 48 | 54 | 60 66 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 90 | 96 
fo) 
Shell, 
In. Area to be stayed, Sq. In. 
8 28 383 37 40 43 AT 51 53 Do 58 60 63 65 
814 35 41 46 5h e. 59 63 66 70 74 76 80 82 
42 49 56 62 67 72 76 82 86 90 92 95 98 
914 55 58 66 70 80 8&6 91 96 101 105 ai} 116 119 


a1 V4.1 88 1100 | 110 [391.. 113808) 1 138 147°} 155 | 161 7 $1690) 172 aes 
EEBG BB OO J. 142  f 1D4 fb 23H $746. | 156 165 | 173] 181 | 189] 196] 204 
12 911109 | 125 {139 | 151 {163 | 174 184} 194] 203} 213] 219}| 230 
121 120°) 9 138) 158° 1167 (4 180) 193 204 | 216] 224] 2341) 248] 252 
132 | 151 | 168 [183 4|197 | 211 224.1, 285 | 247 || 256'| 2671 279 

13% 143 | 164 | 183 | 200 | 216 | 230 246 | 258] 270!] 282] 293] 302 
14 155 | 178 | 199 | 217 | 234 | 250 266 | 280] 294] 305| 319] 331 
141% 167001 192 OOS eae. oad Toe 287 | 303 | 318! 333 | 3451 360 
178 | 206 | 231 | 252 | 273 | 291 309 | 3261 343] 357] 3721 386 

in AY ARDS ANG DORE TE BON 847 Oe MOOT it BTS 332 | 3501 368] 382] 400] 417 
6 os eae 235 | 263 } 289 | 312 | 384 355 | 374] 394] 411 | 423] 443 
1 Ry, RET RAR 249 | 281 | 308 | 332 | 357 380 | 399 | 420] 436] 457 | 475 
she Sain: RRA ty Dane 264 1297 | 326 | 353 | 378 402 | 425 | 447| 4671 486] 502 
PRD HT BOY ea ie 314 | 345 | 374 | 400 426 | 449| 471 | 494] 516] 536 
Cea SPRUE ENE 831.] 365 | 396 | 424 450 | 476 | 500] 520| 548] 564 
A es 1349 | 384 | 417 | 448 476 | 501 | 526| 552 | 577] 598 
DO) yr a 1366 | 404 | 439 | 47 500 | 529| 555] 580] 604] 631 
0 In Is a Ty ORR 384 | 424 | 461 | 496 528 | 558] 584] 613] 641] 663 
RE CUO RUA RAMAN 401 | 444 | 483 | 519 552 | 5831 613 ]° 642 | 667] 699 
BOLE Veil b nT? |e RN BU kel 464 | 505 | 543 578 | 613 | 6431 675} 706! 729 
4 husk Cl PULA REA) AR, SO 485 | 528 | 568 604] 640] 673 | 705 | 733 | 766 
OT te ea Oa oe oii ig 505 | 551 | 594 632 | 669 | 703] 739 {1 766 | 797 
OR 2h) DAM MOA AS RR asl 526 | 574 | 618 658 | 697 | 7341 769] 800] 835 
ae ANN WANPE AE DSRS Ny 9 EUR SNE BBS AMET sau 597 | 643 687 | 726] 765 | 800] 835] 867 
BTS: Renney 5" SA Mae a) 620: | 668 713 | 754] 796] 830} 869] 906 

Ee eat ON RE Ma | 5) Sy te Li 642 | 695 740 | 784 | 8271 866} 904] 945 
7 Mane VRRP Bia hn NN tay Ke 667 | 719 768 | 814] 859] 897] 9391] 978 
PY TN DRM ag SPAR VY a NCAT 689 | 745 797 | 843 | 892| 934] 975 | 1018 
PUT PRON S IRONED FRO 0 RNY BAL ROR Ti 771 825 | 875 | 922] 966 | 1010} 1051 
GLE Wa et YRS Ue RR ee cele 737 | 798 855 | 907 | 956 | 1003 | 1047 | 1092 
OP MORI | (UC ACR IR ee Ue 8" Re 761 | 824 882 | 936] 987 | 1035 | 1083 | 1126 
>A “000 PRR RV, SO a <TD A I NL 850 909 | 968 | 1024 | 1073 | 1120 | 1167 
AYN eMC ai» FOL ee MR heat page! 0 877 939 | 998 |} 1053 | 1106 | 1157 | 1202 

Dy MET EN OK MAREE ie PRE Osc has Bee Oa SPL HEY C0 904 968 | 1030 | 1089 | 1145 | 1195 | 1243 
oe MRO AN eR YC, OCHS ARM ORE Ca ANY 930 997 | 1060 | 1120 | 1177 | 1232 | 1279 
DBDs nla Ga au i at ACA ECON 9) SRI Es 1028 | 1092 | 1157 | 1211 | 1270 | 1321 
VG Ss Meee, 2 RNR HVS AY Maa yale ot 1056 | 1123 | 1187 | 1248 | 1305 | 1360 

AU ICAM THOU | BGR PML Feo Gay MEAT GORA Mare (INN 1084 | 1155 | 1221 | 1284 | 13847 | 1400 
=O aan ST BT SCAR ON SS WE SRS We tt Asa RRR 1115 | 1187 | 1255 | 1321 | 1382 | 1442 
SORA UNE NREL Ou) auch ete.) OAM RUA Hie ARP NOR Ba RS 1218 | 1290 | 1358 } 1424 | 1480 
bE AP p ta We eel om SON ae, gaa meee ME I AR RAGE 1252 | 1324 | 1394 } 1459 | 1523 
a Beat, AN OU Ripe es Resear Chart ann Rae eek RTO PRR EL 88 1286 | 1359 | 1433 } 1496 | 1561 
2 ARN) FOR OC RCP a Ot VEE Nes ete IW LK RMR PE SSSI pica! CORE 1317 | 1394 | 1467 | 1538 | 1603 
534 Tee TS Re Te RO EC MeN Mas SE WSR fal OP STR 1430 | 1508 | 1575 | 1650 
<9 20 FRR US Te Sn, RR RN RS CAR RI I 1465 | 1542 | 1617 | 1687 

Ee A ORLA AR el PI) REA mn cae Rae PR! AI ae! EE 1500 | 1578 | 1655 | 1733 
ce AT HON, OTA 6 yA a Sh ONC i RN AG SIAN 8 wl 1536 | 1617 | 1695 | 1770 
nH A Let EL) CUR AcA «aed CaP ae 5: GREY oh He eaekeaeas) Cae ea ik: 1654 | 1735 | 1816 
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APPENDIX 16T 


SAFETY VALVES 


491 Method of Computing Table 8. The discharge capacity of 
a safety valve is expressed in equations 2 and 3 as the product of C 
and H. The discharge capacities are given in Table 8 for each valve 
size at the pressures shown and are calculated for various valve sizes, 
pressures and for three different lifts. The discharge capacities are 
proportional to the lifts, so that intermediate values may be obtained 
from the Table by interpolation. 


C = total weight or volume of fuel of any kind burned per 
hour at time of maximum forcing, lb. or cu. ft. 


H = the heat of combustion, B.t.u. per lb. or cu. ft. of fuel 
used. 


D = diameter of valve seat, in. 


L = vertical lift of valve disc, in., measured immediately after 
the sudden lift due to the pop. 


P = absolute boiler pressure or gage pressure plus 14.7 Ib. per 
sq. in. 


1100 = the number of B.t.u. required to change a pound of feed 
water at 100 deg. fahr. into a pound of steam. 


The boiler efficiency is assumed as 75 per cent. 


-The coefficient of discharge, in Napier’s formula, is taken as 96 
per cent. 
OXHX0.%5 3.1416KDXLX0.707 x P< 0.96 for valve with: 
11003600 ~ 70 45-dee. seat. (1) 
CH —160 ,856XPXD XL for valve with bevel seat at 45 deg. (2) 
OH = 22",48%XPXDXL for valve with flat seat at 90 deg. (3) 


MrETHOD OF CHECKING THE SAFETY VALVE CAPACITY BY MEASURING 
THE Maximum AmMouNT OF FUEL THAT CAN BE BURNED 


422 The maximum weight of fuel that can be burned is deter- 
mined by a test. The weight of steam generated per hour is found 
from the formula: 


i 1100 


where * 


408 REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 
W = weight of steam generated per hour, lb. 


C = total weight of fuel burned per hour at time of maxi- 
mum forcing, lb. 


H = the heat of combustion of the fuel, B.t.u. per lb. (see 
Par. 427). 


The sum of the safety valve capacities marked on the valves as 
provided for in the Rules shall be equal to or greater than the maxi- 
mum evaporative capacity of the boiler. 

Table 8 may be used for determining the number of safety valves 
required as illustrated in the following examples: 

423 Hxample 1: A boiler at the time of maximum forcing uses . 
2150 lb. of Ilinois coal per hour of 12,100 B.t.u. per lb. Boiler Pas, 
sure, 225 lb. per sq. in. gage. 


2150 12,100 = CH — 26,015,000 
Table 8 shows that two 314-in. bevel seated valves with 0.11 in. 
lift, or one 3-in. bevel seated valve with 0.10 in. lift and one 314-in. 
bevel seated valve with 0.11 in. lift, would discharge the steam gen- 
erated. 
424 Hrample 2: Wood shavings of heat of combustion of 6400 


B.t.u. per lb. are burned under a boiler at the maximum rate of 2000 
Ib. per hour. Boiler pressure,100 lb. per sq. in. gage. 


2000 6400 = CH = 12,800,000 


Table 8 shows that two 314-in. bevel seated valves with 0.11 in. lift, 
or one 3-in. bevel seated valve with 0.08 in. lift and one 4-in. bevel 
seated valve with 0.12 in. lift, would discharge the steam generated. 

425 Hxzample 3: An oil-fired boiler at maximum forcing uses 
1000 lb. of crude oil (Texas) per hour. Boiler pressure, 275 lb. per 
Sq. in. gage. 

1000 18;500 = CH = 18,500,000 

Table 8 shows that two 314-in. bevel seated valves with 0.06 in. 
lift, or two 3-in. flat seated valves with 0.05 in. lift, or two 214-in. 
flat seated valves with 0.06 in. lift, would discharge the steam gen- 
erated. 


426 Hzample 4: A boiler fired with natural gas consumes 3000 
cu. ft. per hour. The working pressure is 150 lb. per sq. in. gage. 


3000960 = OH = 2,880,000 


APPENDIX 109 


Table 8 shows that two 114-in. bevel seated valves with 0.05 in. 
lift, or two 1-in. flat seated valves with 0.04 in. lift, would discharge 
the steam generated. | 

427 For the purpose of checking the safety valve capacity as 
described in Par. 422, the following values of heats of combustion 
of various fuels in B.t.u. per lb. or per cu. ft. may be used: 


B. t. u. per Ib 
EC IVEL OVS TL OG TET 1 aR Oe Ba eam mae rE le Ml CAN pl ad An 14,500 
PPAR Yoo tes Dl oc ONE el a a La eA BAL dL AR 13,700 
oe OAH ee me Nes TON. a URE y! doa etd toi hg w. die kee pet aine debra a Meal 12,500 
Paes Fan aggre te Pg bi ci eRe coe ap Siidel a ley L'dy ae wala "a 1b MAG Oana al orn Galt 13,500 
Migot nn Bardsor Sort, kiln dried 2 1.1. dds: . eal wt ah eras wal bog eraldla 7,700 
acter cOnsOfU rari (TAG sy sie stud ale depts =| dey Slee ales wa 6,200 
PUPPET ECR WLANs rN Cau Chae! 2M ah iis SMM a hes aati, alka Wg 6,400 
eater dried; 25) per cent Moisture. 0.0055 4d eles welee ie nel nas 7,500 
er Cee Parana hire sion te atehayal aged il nba Vie ic ate PW gate matlately 'a/slae e Minia§ 10,000 
PSD CTTO IROL cae ia gL catalase Sila 4i'e' cei an $16 (alae the aagtaral pia aig ale 20,000 
MGEROLGAL DIR GIG OL Ge OLE ar, 2 ee 4. «ais jais’ul « aheca a ent eteiae's dlc a wie'e'y 20,700 
Pee LROLCUIi GRUUG! ODEN LOXABU Bl aici. lye ls gia sunin sei 4 ecto 'ele) waist, 18,500 
B. t. u. per 
cu. ft 
OE AS ie tiara le win oll sree i's gue'e #4 cio ells doo a) sa Wie ate aber gels 960 
POURED NAUTICO OAM aie i's eeyal'e! & gio wet ¢.n 8 n:5.4 f0(s a 4.4 oe pele ea aes 100 
Perm A etd ences sid tials (sl five 6 9\0 9/16 ne eel sr'G's ose, 0, af el ohlelar sie g 150 
Water gas, uncarburetted....... cece cece cece screen secceces 290 


REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTED, AM.SOC.M.E. 


110 


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112 


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113 LAILNO AGIs 113 HINVYP 31ENod 


APPENDIX ' 113 


FUSIBLE Puuges 


428 Fusible plugs, if used, shall be filled with tin with a melting 
point between 400 and 500 deg. fahr. 

429 The least diameter of fusible metal shall be not less than 14 
in., except for maximum allowable working pressures of over 175 Ib. 
per sq. in. or when it is necessary to place a fusible plug in a tube, in 
which case the least diameter of fusible metal shall be not less than 


430 ach boiler may have one or more fusible plugs, located as 


follows: 


a@ In Horizontal Return Tubular Boilers—in the rear head, 
not less than 2 in. above the upper row of tubes, the meas- 
urement to be taken from the line of the upper surface of 
tubes to the center of the plug, and projecting through 
the sheet not less than 1 in. 

6 In Horizontal Flue Boilers—in the rear head, on a line with 
the highest part of the boiler exposed to the products of 
combustion, and projecting through the sheet not less than 
1 in. . 

ec In Traction, Portable or Stationary Boilers of the Loco- 
motive Type or Star Water Tube Boilers—in the highest 
part of the crown sheet, and projecting through the sheet 

‘ not less than 1 in. | 

d In Vertical Fire-tube Boilers—in an outside tube, not less 
than one-third the length of the tube above the lower tube 
sheet. ; 

é In Vertical Fire-tube Boilers, ‘Corliss Type—in a tube, not 
less than one-third the length of the tube above the lower 
tube sheet. 

f In Vertical Submerged Tube Boilers—in the upper tube 
sheet, and projecting through the sheet not less than 1 in. 

g In Water-tube Boilers, Horizontal Drums, Babcock & Wilcox 
Type—in the upper drum, not less than 6 in. above the 
bottom of the drum, over the first pass of the products 
of combustion, and projecting through the sheet not less 

than 1 in. 

h In Stirling Boilers, Standard Type—in the front side of 
the middle drum, not less than 4 in. above the bottom of 
the drum, and projecting through the sheet not less than 
aa 


114 


REPORT OF BOILER CODE COMMITTEE, AM.SOC.M.E. 


4 In Stirling Boilers, Superheater Type—in the front drum, 
not less than 6 in. above the bottom of the drum, exposed 
to the products of combustion, and projecting through the 
sheet not less than 1 in. 

j In Water-tube Boilers, Heine Type—in the front course of 
the drum, not less than 6 in. above the bottom of the drum, 
and projecting through the sheet not less than 1 in. - 

k In Robb-Mumford Boilers, Standard Type—in the bottom 
of the steam and water drum, 24 in. from the center of the 
rear neck, and projecting through the sheet not less than 
Jin. 

~ In Water-tube Boilers, Almy Type—in a tube or fitting ex- 
posed to the products of combustion. 

m In Vertical Boilers, Climax or Hazelton Type—in a tube or 
eenter drum not less than one-half the height of the shell, 
measuring from the lowest circumferential seam. 

mn In Cahall Vertical Water-tube Boilers—in the imner sheet 
of the top drum, not less than 6 in. above the upper tube 
sheet, and projecting through the sheet not loss than 1 in. 

o In Wickes Vertical Water-tube Boilers—in the shell of the 
top drum and not less than 6 in. above the upper tube 
sheet, and projecting through the sheet not less than 1 in.; 
so located as to be at the front of the boiler and exposed to 
the first pass of the products of combustion. 

p In Scotch Marine Type Boilers—in the combustion chamber 
top, and projecting through the sheet not less than 1 in. 

gq In Dry Back Scotch Type Boilers—in the rear head, not less 
than 2 in. above the upper row of tubes, and projecting 


through the sheet not less than 1 in. : 
r In Economic Type Boilers—in the rear head, above the upper 
row of tubes. 


s In Cast-Iron Sectional Heating Boilers—in a section over 
and in direct contact with the products of combustion in 
the primary combustion chamber. 


t In Water-tube Boilers, Worthington Type—in the front side 
of the steam and water drum, not less than 4 in. above the 
bottom of the drum, and projecting through the sheet not 
less than 1 in. 


wu For other types and new designs, fusible plugs shall be placed 
at the lowest permissible water level, in the direct path 
of the products of combustion, as near the primary ¢om- 
bustion chamber as possible. 


INDEX 


TO 


RULES FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF STATIONARY BOILERS 
AND FOR ALLOWABLE WORKING 
PRESSURES 


PREM OP PIT ATE ANG) 8 ys ky Gd AY ca wleie Gc ale sd oo WaM Slee cee dd oe cuunanane La. 


Vai 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


A PAGD 

mecess’ and firing doors, power’ boilers...) 6:0. oe ole cd oie wlle a eleckee vb ee 79 
wmccess and firing doors, heating boilers. iii... 00%. ek eke eke el: 86 
RE RAR CURE TER CAM iat oP ule bo! Vas elo ile Pu Fa GI MP linito a alas el ecg Reel hehe kari ¢ 62 
Additional safety valves, existing installations.............c0cceccccece 91 
Adjustment of safety valves for blow down........c.cccseccccccccece 74. 
AwarniG fOr lap BEAM ‘bOUers 2. oe vie elk wales bl Se ee tee PSUR At A fey 89 
Avowaplewioad ion) stay-polts) ‘table Of.) oye) ac ei lele sletototetaldbern gible clea ene 104 
JO TOS OMCLCC OAT YT DTACESie ses waranty chal tates cheat, tear NR RN ROR Etiam 105 
loads on stays, table of..... ie it acdsee ute AANA ALE Bl 105 
PLCS S MOMS GAVE Mey cco laces ialeate caer alalisiione: sled ot dell af br ciated aha ea ele ikalreteute isi Grante 52 
BULCSSAOUN EDA VAT All, SCAY MOIS sis sialic co a oles leceuateiel say evelie latins are aimtcuay alters 54 
WOOL ce Pressure. Neate DOLMENS Wis llois) ols) ie sicveietel ool claret sls alin cel leans 81 
working pressire, existing) installations) (ols)5..05 64.4.6 << als a laveiels Malays 89 
working pressure, existing installations, heating boilers............ 90 
WOKS OTeESsSUTO, | POWET) |DOLETS sere sihiat iia oss diccabal eleiiel cece bo lodavaitalona oust s 43 

PA GUE LE LCS UCU at at ier el. ole ve: hance Arlt ke hauteMeet Uda) Tay ealenhel otra allel als New/ai a Weshahiel ghee ll Satie | oy el lelnatianhanaite 85 
Angles on h.r.t. boiler heads, 36 in. or less diameter............0..0.. 56 
Area, grate surface, table to determine size of safety valves............ 84 
Ree WGihy LOLTATELE LOT | ie 6)6 o a) 6 oie a6 5) <)'ai4) 0.0 fe se) 4 ihvmis) wilde oak nl 4) el guimiand 54 
segments of heads to be stayed............... Satan Mees Platte es lenescres ar anoe 
Pee tS mC im OL ror ays isp an alte S/eullia Aol suslyicsia le siseiial ai aie: aeataiva ahietpaite Weg bliprelere repels 106 
EMMA CANO TIN uC ACLS ee oti Siralin|apettes hie ics cay shies « Jella) cy ab jetisi ale 2st l/oiib el slat allsylelss ave 53 

to be stayed in heads having manhole...........0.ce0c0seevsees 54 

Par EOMVAtACMS DINGO NEVI VCR I eal ciet elas. stalels itis aie) snore isuayedaliedect is oliOhiellsfalietelle etslap 75 
PUOTELE TLETSUODIE VDLVES oo yea ello ales ehseiieiis, oui es erie ails, 9) siiyislieuleite, aele) eselien ells wish suai 

B 

Back pitch of riveted joints...... 4 FEE MES Eh oO) OPUS SRN WARP uk SPIT Se lat BL eT 44, 
EB AESERLCCIMTOLS DOVGI: DATS. «ele neleieiler siieielen suis «ie olaye eltaus jalelola lets a ohetaner any oe 7 
Bieely Papeciications: LOP + 21s) o)6, 6, ss <csies so «a eiald DUA ct ier set Niae as keane A aM eg 19 
Menem TOM AT SDECLI a PLOTS 1 OL cy oy Saree sl ehey sy coak oe chattel sia lacemataleneyenehans erat att 
TL PDC CHGS cis rare arel ores elo ai eTelle: at bbb tala eater ol SOUR Sian s: & 64 
ETO MUM RLONGTIN LOT: SALOU YS VoLLVEE: 4 ay ot l'el of au/c) ile ol, cc suey as: 39,ah\e) sh ny one ausicaye, ocglclallevayrahe atlst 74 
PAW aE COCO NDO WEL) DOLICTS,  Gy'sy aveh etch ies stl oval t0.6; vis) el’slar sue oi tuercl ayes: sMaheaatanen ain tall WC 
MIRE OME LTE AL LEV GLOTLS AN sy cstelc5.0¥ ah Sh shea. Ar oy by Syed Shoes of od 5k aviep eile) 64 sy aston siceh saan ey Hroutlehe Lent 93 
MueHHEt IAT PND OVLEL Sp Woushiney craks copes kaley ex sias;c9 o1iel'eh oh <lenebalen s/eys csikan eu araGaeectaantne ela opatte 86 
UPI ee We VIN SLALACIONMS | atcleie c o.5 1a) {osteo enoia a toat chan spel a Cilcw enter abla y ahlaiel: ome 76 
DOA MEE RIS INE eI StALLAGLONS Wer cislcy esac. aves, ars) easier el on h ene she ehohsy ameter et sions, « 93 

WLP AS ME OLLI ey DOLLS IN o. olepey'ch ol cilsy ay okey ay olen. streets aia v.tona) ol ranalairanane toilet an cnaiia 86 

RO ERT N CH Ld GELTR O'S '55 5) acy Shenk ech agiae oh oh es 6h Si of eh 2h 'ch ahich on okies Ou atch eb aytet remem eel sit ehairete lade 67 
BaileCmmOU Gers Stain ps, LOCALION. OL. aisle as sie |e ees (sso Wels: svehaielene ten Mallaletonal ste 80 
builder’s stamps, not tor be covered). ci. 65) eis eer) ta) alle. elell 8) ae Bocas 80 
Pushing, for feed. Pipe COUMECLLOM 562) ).<).542-ahohensiodebolleheie al ota'js voles lsu! ey alle,'e 77 
DIMLOMSUCE Mea DeCIN CALIOTISy LOL x) a orn oialars ld och a aleve s) ovale: “Heth oflen py altoh S) SU avons 11 

Pe bemstamped AsS.M iB. stds ie edie ees welders olen go ewe com oe) ois 79 

wet bottom, distance from floor line. ....... cee cee eee ree rec eee 79 

wet bottom, distance from floor line (heating boilers)........+..+. 86 
Braced and stayed surfaces .......... see teens ES GEA He DE cite eran 49 
Braced and stayed surfaces .....0..ceeerecerescene Arahat shah oeeohoaRe 104 


PAR. 
327-328 
370 
242 
393 
281 
380 
418-419 
419 
419 
209 
220 
338-340 
378-384 
383 
179-180 
362 
225-229 
356 
217 
214 


214-217 
218 
292 
303 


182 

6 

64— 76 
151-163 
250 
281 
309-311 
401-403 
364 
3807-313 
401-405 
364 
311 
333 
334 
315 

23- 39 
332 
326 
369 
199-233 
418 


118 INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGH 

Braces, diameter of pins, area of rivets in and design of crowfect for.... 55 
Mads Ol BEL) OLATE\ 5s wi elwrels esha aisle aes he Gaal Dine cdete: state aitnre elle eens 7 
made, ofosteels plateri(GUSSOUS:) (isis cetece mtcus alice is anchiote ote te eae uel Satie Malte Ban he) 
SDBCIN'S DOU WEGIL Sie i5 « \opeleies seks sun ye wueTOIe Ate te a» elm, eas lenaletreneione asi i kone ren enemenE spk 
Bel MPEP ALOR aps isie toi we ake fi ical gta'la dete pike dere elteute, “a SN) 40a) NRRL TaN a oe at if 
when welded Wise. Shoe FSF AeA Noa ACTER Bes GrevlaN, Gib § 7 

Brackets, to support h.r.t. bailar: bal tie eh Pit ccs Weacce ee cee one Us eee 79 

Brown furnaces ..... ha! lla came sale Raye iis Mata te tenia Weuioy os calle ated ia nants he Case eae te pana 63 

SGA OL WV ALIOUS | TUGCIS Ve ice ole pele. ioe be ie felmiiel sot o/s Valle de tayet ade lela Neth ROtste core ances 109 

Butt and double-strap joint 
double riveted ....... Siete iw Bat ta se a: it, felching Va eo fo! UR RL IaRts We Men IAA aS Sn 97 
triple, riveted ........ wile ae (Scalia vehat ye le verano eco Mb ap Me Baas acl incl Vibe ete oes 
CMTe TADS MTT VeLA Msi e elieior shad eleee te. ety ere ceo el ah elie te-cel ieele toy aera tt cecla kaye eee Meas 99 
quintuple riveted ........ EAC CRU hE peace aE ae RMN tec eran tanith hes Sy mee onl 

Butt) straps, tables of minimum thicknesses Of 4.50.4. mp seve) soeione win -eleve © eee ale 9 
pirapssto\\be /rolled or formed yi.) sie sikie ks ous males ae «simu al she ote uehauelints 45 
SELA DS, MOOG WAL, WV TCLEE a's. 9 ete Vellore iceiieie “o teelcs te alle ree teRoae Gada kee Welle Ree acl lake ean 103 
SERA DANAE Wii VOOLIL lareteis 6 le)'s tee elatis \eis)'« co lare fete Iaieno la) ON true itor seelauaned sisdsie eS 

ce) 

Chalicvar a ee ee UR Oe SLE de 0 av Sateen et ere 

Capacity of safety valved 
GXAMPIES OL VCMECKING W's falelesile olenstele:aieite| een tatane erst eis Ree feee) ener a) ie tenet ie 108 
method of checking’ .)....... Stet ig otade ates \eteetin’s Gales tee reer) ete teem 107 
method of checking’ (existing installations)... 0.0.2.6 see wee weet 91 

Cast iron (See gray iron castings or malleable castings) , 
POT headers Ui WMA ARTO Rome U err ieee ATE ye ait 9 By ek Ale I Cn ie . 64 
used with ‘superheated: Steam, J'9 Jh% toe Ste ce inde eee) oll neaatete EER 8 
boiler, “hydrostatic ‘pressuro. test ‘ols ie isis s eee a eae a seem eee eee 87 
‘boiler;) ‘maximum’ pressure’ allowed -On si ss56 6) ele ei nye. cee ot) ae 
boiler, section to be tested ...........0. CRE RAE Red lit R pels cen Meronee 87 
headers, maximum pressure allowed on, existing installations....... 90 
headers, maximum pressure allowed on, power boilers...........+. 64 
headers;: tested to’ destruction 2.5 cc. bhs cesar htis or se ® emnove® Lene 64 

Cast steel (See steel) 

Castings, |specitications| for \eray, 7rOM tic. 4 ae eres tie cies eee nee 26 
Specifications Vior malleable wirom : ikem iene ces ies cen le DORs ee ee 29 
Apecifications! Wor (Steed Nee) LUNN UNC iis Pere un Anil ear ee ce ue as On oe jou 

Channel irons for flat heads........ snl Se dStore ak 50 

Check valve on feed-pipe ........... PNA U PME RL A cps iS VE 

Check valve on feed-pipe, existing installations. ........0...00006 Jb. see ele lel 93 

Checking safety valve capacity, method of..... oto 100 wigan Bhccsee RR Oe aes 107 

Checking safety valve capacity, method of, existing installations........ =e ef OR 

Oir colar farna Ges ew WUASK iA ueee elds lode eee ete eae oA ne be xe yo Cae ete a 61 

Crowlar) manhole vopenine s iia cane wck Ramee en ae Har 2 alae Gaatial Gee |. ae 65 

Oircatmare renibial acts ye ify ie be wc he de nohs bo le pete Ne de he dees Neste lne he Lads slows VARA ea nen eee 44 

Cleamout door an ysettirg ui Cs Lie aie Waele Rieke Rie eee wie Kies lc Wik ten ire ncn ee 79 

Cock (See valves, gage cocks, blow-off cocks) 

Ogmbyued area iol isafety jwalwese iy aie dei ie We bin mo 6s, SEU CES Rue ee 74 

Combustion ichamber,\ inatérials| to jhe. usedine 2 een ee ee, ee 

Compaetion Chamber, (SUNS, Eta ws... vie seis cldeac We He le rede es Ab ae deere es 1) 60 

Oombustion ychamber, ; tuba sheets, of i 06") vc we os ee. eee 59 

Cones, truncated, maximum allowable working pressure on............ 58 

Conwadtions, iflenred dk ci dius cli oe She Walls ‘ed LS vo Colpetelcets eaten Ra oe 82 
Let yy PV aT ey ies ace iiced vaouesncs Gaclode euch leoeoc coy coevoks Rie Lee ety anand 73 
BORAT PA OR ic area Cla le Wao lai eri er al albah eel WAR Ep eae gh Ce elanted TPS Os ae a ra + CRB: 
water column ....... sigs He bn bb he's 10:16 Fond tb esibeleatde do co ucthd Pd OCR Rae GURU > Hem aan em be sane 

Contraction of steam mains, provision ‘for... 2... 600d. csc ew ee ee oe 76 

Ciwwex) anil concave (heads. 6 diab kw cn oa ewido beeen, tae 49 

Cormilei ted tka prnced 4, i550). ts o uo poe ss sa daledame ba te i vRiieae ae se acne se ee aso La ih 

Covers, manhole sud hemahiale s/w ad pietrekice ts ais meleaste ls islets te ureietetens 7 


325 
243-244 
427 


413 
414 
415 
416 

19 
191 
A17 
417 


257 


423-426 
422-427 
391-392 


246 
12 
372 
3874 
372 
382 
245-247 
247 


95-110 
111-120 
7T7-= 94 
201 
317 
406 
422-427 
391-392 
239-241 
258 
184-185 
327 


280 

2 
235-236 
234 
231 
346 
277-278 
296 
320-321 
305 
195 
243 

5 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGH 
RUS UM PreTAD IO IO ATR EGE LAL Tc ccc doe ahaida tens foe tale ck eg sar are ee OE RS 67 
TOSS MORO PIA LOTER WOMB iedwinns eile © Ack earner) ck AAU ete Ue elena tee came eek Pike) 
Cross pipes connecting steam and water drums, material of............ 8 
COLO Waemip Aran ctl Gis SINGSW A SURV N 5 4/0) 5G ie Ne ole Mile te ode wre lela ul ahaa ah gilgie, pesky ate 58 
Wrusiiiemsirenetne ot steels plate... aro via ols die of ale die e Svals sel Opa aulerere. aS saaledus 8 
Crushing strength of steel plate, existing installations.................6. 90 
Mie MnMsectren etl Nap pledy FOr OLLtS 1. alias it Av ee aa) Wa'e) <alaleria meets ya k/ahets 95 
SE IMME SNCS) LO LOG. BUAVOG s.5. ek dealcees sc deb ced cede wariegw read dues 58 
D 
Damper regulator, connected to steam space........... ERC RDU BOS “Afi 86 
Damper regulator, connected to water column.............0.e2e00 nsevs TS 
Damper regulator, connected to water column, existing instailations...... 92 
SE iA ale pli OAS AT eal <a MRM UARSEDEY NCUA Wy Het 54 
Stays, stresses in ..... Agee eater PACT Sue (age Aina is hai sh Siseei edi neieliohess) ae ER ey oeAranie 54 
Mean lates) Ite SHOU OT, GIUIN oiehc sis cs. ¢ soa s (ya! ties gt a al eel aledins Ey Re vaiis 47 
UD RSG Gos FT Hee LUE ile Poe A A Ue a Pe Dene a ee ene 75 
Diameaen Om susibla metal in, fusible plugs 2). o 0445 6 wd sain viaje ouateleha annlhay ys 113 
WirMcmenromertves NOLS! (OlG) \POLGETSs 04 «ashes lelgea) slaseh oy sien) duanieh Uvidaeh aheieils le tgnal se 90 
Direct spring-loaded, Salehy,) Valve, CONStPUCtIOM: OL sy sisi eaisse lesa sh abatenataiaue! eke 69 
Discharge capacity of safcty valves............ alla ae hala alae ae Jaf a ei AE 68 
Discharge pipe from safety valves...... RN ai aiteihs Valve at caOiBh os ae Ame ap Abam arate an thes 73 
WOR SR CGMP ROCA GE eS ce seeig ye ciere see « ea UieWantel atte ol aFit stra sot peers ANAND consti ha 49 
Peremmet@ee | COrner) Tada OF ose ya 4) 4 eo: alal'a oo glee 4 Wn’ hi acelin) © Aemeepanlinhiaual: © 49 
Pisheamicadsen with, manhole operime oie 4s <) dc ein shelledsre: sieve spenimiwravsuayere ye 49 
Domes ...... Vetere sYot dr okaisiclel chav entilenes crs soles. alias Spacey i cach weet ec aids sea RU earths 48 
Temreracecssmand, ring, MIM UM BIZO OL... aielererareis.c) kale. whats clmledses slsbencuahers 79 
Door, access and firing, minimum size of, heating boilers............... 86 
Dor tramen rings, material Of. ...c6e 5s eee Adee ee ean ts, yell oy Ud fe ey aiken 8 
POOL MIATCHOS 64 weidide sie ie 4 Beate evens iain eas Pah a Ne) cya. ghia ate divenan eas] epter aise o 79 
SEL oe UN ota gil RO i i a eco A le oR DR gC 50 
Davai ae eh MOST Ss Saleh yin VALVES) LOR.) <5) 6's si ol ols, «) «) Siley cya. 4): ays) avd loh bene! Rapley aie 85 
eee CP MUMIRSIE TS AEVOR leg anon cl alcie a b wk. ala a's gaa dnd a 4 wide AN yormemidtaceiel tis 76 
PRG CUO VALVES, (CXIStims IstallatiOns . 05 i. oss qi, als =o «save, exsdoriny ole 92 
yorum Swmeriieater es ee ely ete ef Wis oy tL ere eal alias Fa 76 
MEU eee TN VED LOO ry o'er al sal soap6) ok Ghimpat OAs x) otis yapes's \abiehehh leitaye dyreigh able(rs saith oracle! shiofllg 65 
BE el etee TS EELCOLORY ebael i's leat sical eta) aay arias ale a) ais, @ lelval gia! &leh 4 e414 ap etum acmbsiigh SeaklonielS. aflp 64 
Drumeswm shell longitudinal: joints, of : (See jain te) 2/6 spe) heinis sea icia dial gh eels 45 
Drumy saateriel “Of. ss oe 05) Asch AB AS HAP OE COR ae CREME TEAL uPIRe A TRANS Gee % 
E 
tame ato LOUCCHLELEOIMCTVOUs «cite dic <ieleacevois) dares ols «eis gids see dia wets bie 44. 
PMP amern peat ese FOr CALKIMO,” J tuneisials ta a oe ais ete leldie ¢ siaseaisiarapecale eae stece Bis 65 
MiGdcecer mame Oles VEON DE: TEMOVEGG vie) cies ale es) le etn bela Siete iaiaiavenel< Hee ge 64 
HatirievevNon teament, opetweem taupe. Woles i yo eae se aie dies ws cies 46 
Oiaeucament, between sdiazonal, tube holese') 2s 0'..5, 6 fake seca oss tele AT 
(Ch ALAMERSST EA AKG TAM) PG es eps elt ae Sear Rh una aes CALL UR he er ee 44 
UMMC OMILSs bo calculates. 6 io Se Soe SOAP OS aT Se eae 95-103 
Wihow om escape’ pipe; trom safety) valve wy... le ee ll ealeles 6 (8 
Dee eh sith f OF1/t 12) pa she a aetels a sels d es we wie 'e inigth wiels eieidlale lee e # 65 
Bit LOM S DONS TO WPOM ODEN AE Poe ah ts ai atehanels sala elie, Gelso terials, of onellal/e gy sre ih ate Fi 
Prd NomiMtawy- polis. bOn De) TiVEted. OVET™. >) .). u'e!s). oli sla eine sciele che gu eceieyailens si « 50 
Perea aD loMW, tiem s FCS SR ane ee Se raed 9: oe 53 
NMRTMOO SAAT O-Etl DOM DOTOLORG. (stirs wie ar eliscne sl aia roners slic; eishianay aia enersmeanrnt a aie’ 64. 
of tubes, water-tube boilers, and superheaters..............--05.- 64 
Equalizer, to support h.r.t. boilers... . ec eee eee ete tee ee ete eee 78 
Escape pipe, from safety valve........ RUST SOT Sa PO NY OTR a a Cae aS eT IN 73 
Escape pipe, from safety valve, existing installations................... 91 
Escape pipe, from safety valve, heating boilers................5+.00-. 83 
Examples of checking safety valve capacities............. 0. eee eee eee 108 


PXistineS instatalioNs ie iiss eidld cede dedeces sees nei ededucces .. 89-93 


221 
221-222 
193 
297 
429 
388 
272 
270-274 
278-279 
195-198 
LOT 
195 
194 
327-328 
370 

13 
328 
199 
359 
303-304 
400 
306 
253-254 
248-249 
187 

2- 3 


183 
257 
249 
192 
193 
181 
410-417 
279 
258 
314 
200 
216 
250 
251-252 
324 


278-279 


394 
355 
423-426 
378-409 


120 INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGH 
Hxisting: installations, steam heating boilers..........%...55.-.eeee ees 90 
Hixpansion of steam tmains, | PPOVISIOMS WOT Novy unc gcaler crate vahere siiie clenetenenere koe 76 
Extra iheav y sittings, ony DLO w-Offs ic ivi We lois aelen leis siete hse TE e aieteie arene ke eee 77 
Uxtray thicki tbe, for tasible | plage. se tec vlccei ee ¢ araler eile Mieietane oesiaienenane 113 
F 
Factors of safety 
for domes when single: Tiveted. 3. fia% ys 's lo ule ote. oc eeln (ona fy ca ee ia gt oe 48 
EXTSEUM PS DOLLOP oils se Wes Mehta ute t ate ata UTC eRe Ml oulcc ty Suen Sine meget Stes ye Rate ot ee 89 
MGW TVS eT VETOES tis lela sea lei) sive, a ae Sheil ewer SEM TE eas yaitey [navel crate alone arent at Es eee 43 
SECON Mian di iPOwers Ak sd an cenit aaa eee ene re clemene tle it kits vee clea mete 90 
steel heating ‘boilers: ..3) i224 3). SON ALS 9 Oe ae I ne ror ae a "Se 
Heed) pipe; ends ior beapen sf wee Sea ae ae eee oe eae een Ta 
Reed pipe, ittingstand + valves vom a) oe yea wwe ills hetecual at cba Oh seattle cleatiee teens TT 
Heed "piping —POWer *POUErA hy fe ns Tae ek Ee Se ee Uy ae eee Se aertis, See eee NAG, 
piping, lexistin's singstallatdovs Ane ae ais ciel ictal ceakiseetine tele ve ate anaeeemmenes 93 
water discharge ........ MA Ra Sc SY A A EF AUN | ATO BS (EM a NT 
water, "discharges tear! of | yoints ws) vls MN ieee ene bie, Genet mne nares HEE 
Water rerulapor! GONNECEION EO Adelle celdval dialevene cele e ielen et en btel eaten ae 75 
water (Supply) apparabuss (cist sanicolemel ee has lonsemicie detece ees ata ce eeieas 78 
Fire-box steel, for. shells) drums. a SAMA Sina mts etateocen siete eee re era if 
box steel; specifications: ‘for yey Fie) as ek ace Sees aetna ee eee Let 
prick, casing,* fox {blow-off MpEpe| oi 2)8iy pee anid deci ect cal tial Iota oe ix 
tuber boiler; }manbole sine (aoe ney el. 8 ie outlast usteNe cena enele ttt scaraaea 67 
tubes botler thicknesses: of sfubes. Of aa ietobet Welein = Wun ate ete cele 10 
Minin SMGOOTS Ni. se, a HR Ne tate todo a le Wo teite Rost RRC RG Ma mS ETc te dh) Wt. Mea An ne cee ER 79 
Hittings and ‘appliances, existing installations ws 2. Wiss vale ple ele evel fencnsiats 92 
Hittings, and appliances, ‘heating boilers ne 00 a ral ee cite een tue oy ellete 66 
Fittings ‘and appliances, power! Pailersico.).\ tte ve ceteleRsnere eis ie eee intial 76 
Hiange fittings, tables of S768) OL .6.1.ceials sieiel's ie ailslslie sel duet ate ascetic erent 110-111 
of manhole opening ....... halen aio iatiatiaMeto Ne Wehette ene re Ni Nets Me ie tvMe meen. hate MoM he Ohya 54 
steel, for heating OUST... 5.0465 insane lola tale tabe totals Male Wophsltee ete a Nia eats ode 81 
steel, for shells, drums ..... ea URN ALLMAN a Boat Ran Ia tt MO ea (4 
steel SpeCifleMtiONs \ TOT: ¥-),//!at We lahole’' Li salatatohetwiae GUIs Am Mate Romie atsn Ete shea 11 
Flanged, connections, \ heating: boilers .\.al.ictiietelote: Gustelionetsloteseneteiene ts teibbe eerie 82 
Flanged construction for water leg and door frame rings.............. 8 
Blangesy\Castiurons ADIGKENESS / OF ws) oP ist) etslatioetctallele alia ictoen sist spctsliohtelct el elie = Raaales 76 
Flanges,’ reinforcing, thickness ‘and’ material “of iMiti. ui. de ean ee ees 68 
Bharime NOL (tube) Cmdsisiste i.e te tere lots iota tole tate latte aha PSS ALM Ete ae AT 64 
Flat surfaces, to be stayed...... a lara tele MUTA Ta ee iPel Tada aicercel te is fa eee Te ielitagr = an Sco ane 49 
Flat surfaces, to be stayed between tubes and between tubes and shell.... 53 
Blues, cinculay, | Pressure allowed:,OD 202%. Walled 2 lelketslipae eagle ie elie ie akuge de fe WE ee 61 
FHT OE PL UTTUA COSA eel ld sb ecieiet a teeheliertenieie Cie cky stke iabee nAWAN HEARNE T Uta i) ote etre iat ted ae 63 
Biel Ansa ts tOL COMMUSELON™ JOL cine cliiel aroun tinia ice ee Gun fete: lelleite Vabigny Teac katate ena 109 
Purnace; sheets; ‘stamps to ‘be Visible) Onsbelly eis) c Gites, poseio viel tule plea eller aes 79 
Furnaces: 
PA AATISON, BL VIDO iy cee oie re varatiols ouers vetie ol Ripe cues UeNels Meleie eas Renee voce aad ne Lie autem 62 
IES TV Ta fh Le yee ache it hol ote natin tS: ce AUK fa SA tap diem, etna eet Pa ta PeSWe hedra ee ey fe ect an ec ee 63 
CAP MAT pTLUSs wiper lela lay is ele te lee seta eRe te Reta te py RITUALS ToC aa a ea 61 
COLLIS ALC: ise ceca ls Bitoile lin ce ce wayne. UG Pere Mel er taltatean thease eral alcet sree he acl helt ns [eta ica 63 
DO Ae eee a TP RU LE SRS aN ad hy ad eRe PRY at 2) see a 63 
internalweyunadrical, Vista yaw Ota kvl aie abs aie lene ee, cys Greate einai cue ene me 52 
MEGds HSITRPeTRLON' MOULD) MGs). huey fatale) ate ease LEN Kuee TnL oul |. kt yte Met aves Gitano tierce ee 63 
PUBLOT TLE AOL ile Je yp pense ashen 8 to taice sits ede sre eee nermette Reg etT Le, cane Vetted Merk A) AED Fae a 
AVE CHASTE ES Na Ue estes Niele let talya lee Hattie etto ee oe laetto Res eRe fete ne MR enc! i Act EAT COUN Lene Dts Beth egeate 63 
LAAT MOLL OTIRAT His isi aly keste, Sos islicie lee Me ies ale ik Ma Mee pe ttettsl aio. 6 Fe Leite aus emunO ne free a 61 
MEV ats a us irlalralel ME a, GN (in nef Saf roe OIA GUMS ANG Gc 0 cc i a 63. 
thaekness sol corrugated: (ori Dod miei wit luratets: sues eaten welgee ie 64 
WETELOAL POOLOTE OCs lis b Gale) bAcl's (ee when atta cae Aliant ere Re Oey ara ae ae 60 
Wap SAN) OVAL RS Wall co eae ae cin es elena TONS bar ates eva Rem ak oles Use Ne ual eed ee ae apa We 3: 


Fusible plugs, location of eS feiese ME per Uel, Bicey te Ue em I8 ib. tee ee ee eeoerereeeeeee es. 113 


PAR. 
383 
305 
310-311 
429 


194 
379 
180 
381 
340 
314 
317 
814-318 


406 


315 
316: 
295 


818 


2 
23- 39 
312 
264 
22 
327-328 
395-407 
364-368 
299-322 


218 
337 
3 
23- 39 
346 
13 
299 
268 
251 
199 
216 


244 


243-244 
427 
331 


242 
243 
241 
243 
243 
212 
245 

2 
243 
239-240 
243 
244 
237-238 
428-430 
430 


ee 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


G PAGH 
APOPO WMIGUOUG Nain dons a eatek sc boned Rp pe A oie of alist hia Mee EN a MEM Henney nee 85 
BaeMsyrOeBei THGbALAtiOny, | 6'./co's «ai ole ccs d's a ol eRe INA Sah 92 
ME RPA RISE DOLIOCH (a aig o gs ene Sar pe nk ca oP ee RET MPL ares ete) 
cocks, power boilers ..... as as Gab flan gy on CER ea A Geely Oe UT Aas at ak arteen Bs 
epanpesor 8, Ponnection ; for, Coy so ys ao dos daca se ROE LON Bs. 75 
steam and connections, existing installations..............eee6 Apt gel 
steam and connections, heating boilers. ... 6... cece chececceee 85 
éteam and connections, power boilers............ 000 cc cccuceees oe OD 
Pe MITA Cre kn ws bo coe o c's & vie Wie os wb cd ote Dae ae ae yet (5s 
Seer eraney Oxisting) installations. ss <oc.l. o's Phe ee ce ee 4 92 
Pate renee. nesting) hoilers, |. Y's \s\. ecls'ay usin I Me CIS GI ee Oh heme 86 
melee as,  DOwWweD ,Wollets, .. eves Yes eee Eber a ee Or. Bite T5 
Meee Deere, safety, Valves for sd oe de bh Ile eres Sa ROR 85 
CUGGEMAPE ANG CKOWD Dare, 2)... 2). peice cls cle os wlsles Ublelee cuewales H 58 
Giabe walve, nos: to be used on blow-off). . 2. ee oie ine ede vale auhea le Delia abrir 
Rt MEV OO OTE SOO 5 DANO.) 0s s 4 6 dws ok a Occ eee cite Lb a hcl ee ee Baas 77 
_ Grate Mer ace: table O46, for, safety VRIVOS wii « cao eeu we ew ules da eidlQleded A) poet 
ray ina: Castings, | specifications fOF i506. ale Wald ale & glcldil's algialad slabale Riel eG 
eMC SMMRMER YM UE CESGS STL Lo o's dace @ 0 bie sided dda dicate We olightatauahe BIEL akiae d rar od 
H 
Peas COverm i taterial’: 710. ose sale alah dw a Wlka ae alvighalQubals 4 Sel ttee WLBT € 
Smee OR eed LOUD OLIOLS gf ekg o's 4s ane Pie bias 'y Low OM Pee See nN 67 
EOE TO LEY OOY) DOME o's bis cru oe’ g etd cle ib d'h'eia atule alu aierae D aare gids 67 
Pe Veriicnlt iro, CN gino, WOUETS a edie c/elg oe uy a ie do Salil ahaha Wteee) 67 
Sper ial are tae DOUSTS 4. 6 U0 cles a's d's @ Wiel, males wal ala aiela GG alana 67 
Piondetem Cant Won, existing, mestallations ] cia. coe. fie a eel ee Ue 90 
RPM MOM MEW, HDOUECTR Uiielauta age aha Wi oy a UU ile obi ke cr A eenh Cal Shida 64 
Cees OCORRUTO VALOWOU OH, og sveieic ep ae A seg d's Soe cele ake soi 64 
Hn OM DNCISULO HATES (IM ALOETAL | OL. cisrcr dere gi theres fie. dijo). hole a lacaher ae wins) oto Hee 8 
Mesdeumancies tor, Staying Upper ,ReEEMENtTS, oo sis de sels disse oe eo nrstewleme 56 
Gres OM ISOL MENTS UO NE BUA YOM elers cies a)'n, ah ona ce wa) S's «eile: coals orale doer Setehe 53 
area of segments. to besstayed, table. for... 6k. fk dict Sm ors dan ae 106 
ee eesaan el NICEURUC ETO CO MCMIE aletre Ural prea, ava ehglcs’si'gi sy ai naire) wake 4 eyla ota lacdie open ene mien 49 
SEPMOCHEND. Ol. BLOM, LO; DO_StAVO.. =.¢. 4.0.0 crac ig iets la) eirevorouel ecdnel oa gbeelentealtueal « 53 
BramMDps* tO) be, Visible... . <2 ss = Mien i aiah ol at Se ov ate Apt ead a pte ap aa) GP Ghar as 79 
REMON OT SNELL eS aig big ra atcis Wig spate vdacons. aisha si'spere whoqWarel ate see) dele gaeta Seva 50 
PIOAting sPOUeTS . sss wele ks Sai BM SMO ARTY ARE Ci 5 tabs eke) oclehcca ahaha waa alt, aa 81 
eAtinaa polars.) existing’ INnspallatlONss .\..6 cs) josie sas Fis ele Merde: og ealee dele s 90 
Heating boilers, to which the rules of power boilers shall apply......+... 81 
eae MEOMOURELON. (Oly VALTIOUS. LUCIS,. oie sid vig neg es eid d'e Yoel oleae sles oi ete hain wie 109 
OPER TAVECG ya es ee deg eS Ka es eth ae ERT ee eae Oma g gee 65 
PIERRE TS WERE UAY.ST sere ouogey cuts iecial ree oh ec scoh #5 cs easy oh eacec eel on ctel’s, op Ge Beep ear aie crreh siisttS 52 
POTASH “OIG VMCALIN SU DOTLOTS s. 4) c) ¢'al-evaiecs al adiiel el atte oo ap yied Sui sieiias alsreriallsteu se 82 
PO RE M-Otte DOWEL, OOLOLS «ale! als sisi er<\ai's aie. o wilt foe urer aie oa Gio a eiaedsl ayes 67 
‘Horizontal return tubular boilers: 
Mmcation: OL- feed- water, PISCHATZO. 5) c.s.\ 2) co sers yp eid ane sien sea aeeiobavens aus 77 
loneitudinal, joints, ta. be above fire) line). } hoch sare. diego Shemarele ys «ie 45 
PPPS TAC OM IELO VW LULOGS iy Sli estccetn Ue eile sletin sleh@rtie wm ueild Ug ten oua Err pecs targl al iats 67 
DINU LOM OtAOL \fOLNU. Ih cesieie wieie oc es ie Dee! nigh ouanal robe: cual seal shel ey cea 45 
MOUMOMMO LN SUP D OLLIE | Vals) cia, tals asheysus co ce jolkekcn ce Wl csige! caida ucdhebPe ne ape thay, ave gg 78 
Mamie NeEAadg Of a6 I OF PIES OS d 'e o alin 5 6, os cet) momen tore ty ERD ak ea 56 
AE UO ILIITL | GOTMECELOTUS) od oat ieiiss celasta ears" eteeueate bet ote suhavemttelletlt iterate cite 78 
PIATRA LC Tm OTL OTS coc cucceice vend wcose eed aoe H) Gots « leet arrOntlay a aie alien Saleh eleva reas va 81 
Hydrostatic pressure test 
MiMOASTEe TOI: NEAAGTS. ss 4 sis sie cients lene alele! pies] se) x1 ybtameMen alana Mmancea hen Meira pay 64 
PUMA COYMISOVIOTS | sco s 45.5) 6 4.00 )0se 8 qe 088 She,6 2 enol eye melee mtdlyte widen a g 87 
BIA POUSTS eo.9's) os 98 Be eee ee eee eee ah npaig ee sawed oats beh mala oak staat MOS 
MIG WOT) DOUGTS, 6.0.00 0 8.0.5 050 cjene eeu si mieieie eleeiejen e fieedl Bee ple Ome as Ha he 
on sections of cast iron boiler... ..eeseeeserereervenes avin poe pie ei Ok 


121 


PAR. 

362 
396 
367 
294. 
298 
398 
361 
296 
297 
395-396 
366 
291-295 
360 
230 
308 
314 
358 

95-110 
221-224 


5 
264 
265 
267 
266 
382 
245 
245-247 
9 
225-229 
213-214 
217 
420 
195-198 
213-214 
217 
331 
201 
335-377 
383-384 
335 
427 
254 
210 
345 
265-267 


315 
189 
264 
190 
323-324 
225 
320 
335-377 


247 
372-374 
408-409 
329-330 
372 


122 INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 
mt PAGH 
Inspection “atw shop heating) ‘boners (7, gsc. veten ohowehetc ted se-W atl Ubon ewe tseeRe hao anil GREP Re 87 
Ingpecbeatis “test Page sCOMMEGhior: <2) LF lastsioes deuo belive le beds Heaepe a eee ere eR TL ao 
Inspirdtor or anjector, used toifeed, bowen jy). ciated a eek aenah oes, Cae anne 78 
Insulaithg. material); not to. cover boiler stamps \iieisicicictehetete vale elleee wie lets 80 
Interngls pipes’ iy Shea BPS EST A reyeevede keene Us ede le ave Hae Ru RCMARe Lhe lOReen Sea a een 163) 
Iron, cast (See cast iron) 
forhstay tbolts; specifications, Lomas uss: seoibig elke male ens cum iene aes 34 
TIMERS; pe ciM@catiows ; LOT, ci Wes cisyodenevesavemon sh cchse ee ctaie (che NAN nNe creer ea nee same aL 
TREES, SHCATIN EP BLEO DED VOLS), lar siakew Ueaoes Aanevie inn sks lets dah ental wuemeveer Shee element 8 
WH CHE SLAVS Ken.) SLAY. UDOLS, clala oo aered ceevicn ore Mee RIS eA aes Seen wee eS °¢ 
Wien chy, stays, and, stay, .balts,. specifications. s\\05c2 00.00. . anes 34 
wrought, tensile strength, existing installations................... 90 
wrought, water leg and door frame TINZS... oem n wees alle viele oe eielnle ® 8 
é a! 
oF CANES PR CMA DILGELY isis vonaneylos ease prensa cdenstokchakatoh skdoh renee Raiders tae REAR stone chalk: eae 44 
Joints, butt and double strap, oii riveted, .axample of... cle. uk 97 
butt and double strap, triple riveted, example of.................- 93 
butt and double strap, quadruple riveted, example of.............. 99 
butt and double strap, quintuple riveted, example of.............. 101 
butt and double strap, required on shell or drum over 36 in. diameter 45 
CHAD OE Sayed Uy ai ra bile ponsiiacegels al dbedlablencred usmemeiel on UM ed eile g LN GRE teint Mare Ee eons 65 
CUMUM TENN HAL Ye, 15/5; 4) slenel,cieetailel - oh! hes vah oh hebvch Sloe daa kek Sta) ilar REMC oe. ene 44 
OE WGOTIOSI I, vsess Wer cnalsuclanetensiecales ach afiph slick erioklet Symltel SAUD GHUHN TEN SRC eS ASL SLO ann 48 
CURCOE TECH OLE ger Grennieretenclobon et. oh eidatiol ah Niet ws lbs es lualel otaliantkive eyeak ca ARMIN Rea ea 44 
efficiency of, detailed aan ‘oe CAlCWLlabLON) KA a Ue ete ane 95 
ORISA SEM OLL OMS «Lie St ahictcelisvio1 ol Sieh ol alll ots ofl oblanieltah GF Gitagict aay Glvation ah tet eM ae 89 
eatin a Powers: MoH y wiley toh che olde cel ced oaldealerenthehcielia Ste aiah sie es eee 82 
lap, double riveted, longitudinal or circumferential, example of....... 96 
BARN 6 CLR ie MaNohet ayia a nak gt wool lal hot ui chtel hat Vaid MANORS WemenTn Ua A cue 90. 
Jap riveted, allowed on shell or drum not over 36 im. diameter...... 45 
lap riveted, allowed on’ domes........s.0ceeess SIRS OY Stated AN BS is 48 
lap single riveted, longitudinal or detente rate: example it ios 2/2 96 
bare tadimal i oath ye dao Wiseman Haid date ROMMMCR St data at hale ae ole) ae 45 
longitudinal lap joints on heating boilers......... min all WS, kg toe hath an 
logaitudinal,’ location’ of ‘rivet Holes ond 60256 dno ces ein ole teins MIE 44 
longitudinal of furnace v.t. boiler to be staybolted..........-e0e-0-- 60 
longitudinal of h.r.t. boiler to be above the fire line..............- 45 
longitudinal of h.r.t. boiler to be above the fire line, heating boilers.. 86 
tongitudinal,,'maximuni Jength: of) 7 aan SOUR. Sees 45 
longitudinal, maximum length of, heating boilers................- 82 
POMEL DOLEES be hi he se aNd SELAH 8h Ab da AINA ae ele cle Gnd ete \eeon eae 44 
PPOCE CLO OL) 525: ai s\(s6/o: sileh ol al ob strep loh ahelisiieMahel ol cheellnthetieneletial scarce a fali otlethe MMe RenE 82 
TELE G Hc iiois ol oh ellahloW eve 2) Shon sbiods liee tamene ke lebe te Nee ie! oles Malte We diay ho: Wels (a fe MAR uk es as Roa Sat ae aes 
L 
Lampuney | fronts) valves (Om) bs bisisid 4 Vas Fe aie oO etki ahs AE tat en 78 
Lamphrey fronts, valves on, existing imstallations..................-. 93 
Toe POM CRACK Visi bie sal ai dhelieh ate cia. ere VINER CIPe PEER MURTY Etat 22 15 <5 90 
Lap joints: 
lovath ot.) homdinict (/DOUOPE..'s 4 0's eas m clbivie RAW IAl aw oo ety bald Sinemet eran 82 
derigth: | G9) DGWED DOT CRE « /oicse is ie'e ln feielelyialelelace”n dbp a'a iste we «fot he lew dee he ai keen 45 
longitudinal or circumferential, single riveted .................0- 96 
’ longitudinal or circumferential, double riveted..............0..085 96 
TON Et diak MOMS yee ese kL MeN ele ele ate ete eine eu ae. Te tenant ots eee 48 
Joneitudimal hot) sweater Wnotkers! sus yaa dsschs are a0 sin dards le ld pan DCMT 82 
Men iitoeen Sly dew) CERO sik ss /sk ob ikia MA VN By Om ae Be ee ee 8 ee 90 
longitudinal, steam) heating boilers). .4.....4 0045 60s ena s «Spans a gre 82 
Leap ‘welded’ tubes, specifications, for. .......0.20.bs snes eseamn eens she 40 
Lintclag,' OG) ois ss tick ids aod. s6 54/6 be kines aaa «eee bina oteee old cigs 79 


PAR. 
375 
298 
318 
334 
290 


139-150 

121-138 
16 
7 

139-150 
385 
13 


182 
A13 
414 
415 
416 
187 
257 
184-185 
198 
181 
410 
380 
341-344 
412 
384 
188 
194 
All 
187-191 
341 
183 
238 
189 
371 
190 
342 
181-191 
344 
186 


319 
407 
384 


342 
190 
411 
412 
194 
343 
384 
341 
164-178 
328 


a 


a 


q 
| 
. 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGO 
Laying out shell plates, furnace sheets and heads........ ete! 3-6) ages tal teen ts 79 
seedmeanspemsion bulb furnaces. .... 6, foi «so ies ale on Uh oolelble mou bee 63 
ength-of stays: between supports... 0.0... ke ce eek eee ke Seen Peeden ut 
Ligament between tube holes, SMICIETO MS OE oa es Midas URE Fag Ae 46 
MEE REE OUR REBUN DOU EN ). hr use eee det Ge Bae el, Le alla es na tie 54 
a renee iim te DMs RERARIVED 655 shh eis << wbcled wih inis Giainrmies cog. site dla eiwtl deat 80 
MIO eR eS ist Lil pend ata hay ORCL er Et am Um Cae Aa 48 
BEC LSE SAS Se AL GO, Pte Ya eI Uae RRR LEY My at Pe ye gusty) 
Locomotive type boiler, water leg and door frame rings............... 8 
Longitudinal joints ..... S daira} taial a lalieaabovtag cy eee teUcs eal ied eel eae CE eer a ew 45 
ON nl CT TTS 1 4s i aa aed eee OR aM eI AMEND ASIAN AURA bail Ah 82 
MMMM TOU E SL DiC Ae foe i gis cin, deo ee he ect re: atte! SA ee ae 82 
Tae Geeelke fi. to. <2 gs dilol wer ee diel eV el ci otgirat susan gE Oa oer oi erie eam Teas ate eRe ea 90 
MM SMEOHING ie a ain hic/s ws ised aie Dare Otte che a ea ola 48 
of h.r.t, boilers to be above fire line, heating boilers.......:....... 86 
of h.r.t. boilers to be above fire line, power boilers............... 45 
TPPMmenenmeen sont DOTEr. TTS ee eels hi ee a A ee 81 
SSPE EOL MSUCEI® DIALG frie is fie LS oe e Se wikes Pie eee Rete le aha tent i 
MPI T U FLT Uy UO OANOTE 0 'e' sig ders a a ate oie «cme Vv ee eo ae 78 
M 
Pee PILE, SVOP \VAlVR "OD. osc ode ek koe eee Mee ees 76 
Melemmorcastiies, specications: Tors vob i Seok oe ta ees Pe 29 
nae Mee Yor og nis Sir ye Rea NR RR eS ae Oe ae Tao me Mil bn, 65 
PINE Oes, Ver den POMS... SKN ED. be COAL UIE EES pes Ae 67 
Pomwepibes wnt. poler) stayin or! los. fe a eo Pe ee eee 54 
PePORMETADOT Ia UO Ce meld wh bisa teal tie tales sredle ace hae balan etn 67 
ROME SME ETL MEAN SLECU as ahaha eliciel cediaeol talisl ore lon ge) al eosye tual at an ahah Mah ate 7 
MMMM Meena vrs fers, GRie awe. oe ON Ocoee Dia os gece Gia eat ate Aaa shes 49 
PTTL CMmEU VOU Om OLIN) WW sf avait snohineticl We ols a at Rata sia a hicieiela lic ltve a al otenenare 65 
Pe CMO COOL UOTE OL: Mats o sielte ae oN a clay in ais Gk died qratacec alae Sian ciate 66 
EMSs MED OOIT TINS SLUT TCO UO Lie) oi at eiiel eins oF Wile! fis be) eG etek a al ay dheialali ar Oia etal ate 67 
inpany ure tube boiler, over 40: in, diameter... oso ae 67 
EPC OTC aes hy Mere eeene eM ee SSIES oh ae ye weed Ga oa S maetue hee 67 
OMe M MMe mmo IWIN FSIAES OL Ya) tee 4s 5, cara edisl ome bask ae elere Caen a 65 
PPE LO SMa vORL AOL AUS evavsyeve tite Wierd t's eke sy ah y ace a Sickel a slate svarareresmaral crane 67 
PL EORCCIH ETM NOLEN OL teks fia sls hb cougie dais Sldtele es ois Od Malach eters 65 
Temforcement, on boiler 48 in. diameter or over... 36 0k ode oes 65 
Manufacture (See specifications) 
Mammencrunen/s | name) Meare POMS re Te yk ae ela Wee die wld eld a wets 87 
tC ES eR Se ERTS, SOUS (SLIT TN MPI Fete teh eA tare Coat Mi ahah oe aia’ ao mallee water a) ol Mia AN ana 79 
Manueachirer s stamp motto be covered... 600) ee eo ot 80 
RECT SP RELGCTLOTI OL yey Ua. tals Mote ba eta: cn MANE ue te eye ote aU ald ala oan trae wile 7 
Mintatimiser election ol, tor heating boilers eae. evi ke e ele a sich ee le ole 81 
Maximum allowable working pressure 
MENC CC SHC SET VeCY BUTLACES son 6 Goss Sobel sl Seale Sis HA ee eee ete ke 49 
Rarer REMAN OLE R NM ctayeriviver he. Diva vou sie ete ala ah oid MO Werec es ste et a Milos Tete Lh kat ooo) hatin Fey ats 89 
MEPL GLINCAM OORT Ware sets ar ets yen ah oAaalns allgifah ss a)es fal cite) Pe: rales Parra ete a tat ace AN banal eect 81 
BOE TISURI CN GOWETY DOMES ebolt teh a tore fete le tale Wat RiPeR MG Rh eT me ON AO 43 
Cree MOURA UID OLU A.) Soa. lasts leriuneriaifel'ayra alebtoite vebvay a's (ec ac Meats Patel Aleheltel fel give, ela eue ater aust 78 
UTE SEM TEL COR Nie sce NY AN CU suictfellguie balls: 51m. 0 eWOR'G, aivelrailare, tiation ante tactanal in ay avighaataeel onto 63 
Mud drums, maximum allowable working pressure............0..5-+06 90 
Are Cane CE VERE Pa PTE A DO TET Letcher Galati teecea yet un\ whol pote isin Nos pose NifA oy eslaste Laue aetgatie sO STENIERS 8 
UUM ODS LAOS NALGOB ie. o aha ih ote a steksuel ale! shave 22 Sena a Wiis ally (di ov cilejenh -aikemetior.s paiiee tay 73 
N 
Name; manufacturers, on heating boilers... 1.0... cee cele eee sews etoes 87 
Pe MEMITM NStOD, ALVES; AMLLOIMATIC... jo). hehere se sole elena S41 o:.0%e, onerdiailelali oiblanwls ets 76 
BaD MAAS MM TVECUE OULD, | | :OiLey) saison a. '5:50 10,58 19210, see le toy 'o te daha ~wy/ se ghlna/na] elas: be gaa or apl@nay vehath a val eat 8 
Rec MAT OR ATNGD) Lid TLE By alu hi yeio wee) s\404) 6 ula es eo ae Oo Wale et mala) Miata) eillllmiet ental sta 76 
Number of gage cocks..... SWE Wigtala acatlelecalerah wale Giapababsisincatete fae eA Ns 75 
NNER Es -UMNOELEAL 1, Gicc No vate Maka Kava vo Ne tate do WW sn He Ww Sinn ae 016 a 0h 6 16 ve. oie sit euetia hattelbemed ouch aks 79 


123 


PAR. 
231 
243 
220 
192-1938 
220 
333 
194 
430 
13 
187-191 
341 
343 
384 
194 
371 
189 
335-377 
5 
323-325 


801-304 
111-120 
258-264 
264 
218 
262 
5 
198 
260 
261 
263 
264 
264 
258 
262 
259 
260 


377 
332 
334 
1- 13 
335-337 


199 
378-384 
338-340 
179-180 
323-325 
243-244 
382 

10 
279 


377 
303 

12 
299 
294 
332 


124 INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


0 PAGH 
OGNUHan sed CONSEMUCEION YT. ili eis tetas eh itwisiane fe letin enenal oiteetel relia Taacll ase Guertet saree 8 
Oikfired' botters,” safety) valves *fon hh ec late soviet a tare ieeetete htae ' 85 
Openings, flanged connections, heating boilers.............02eee+e00- 82 
Openings,threaded, toi (be "reinforced yo rave Saisie sere’) ejene eve cls: onal s coltarte let is 68 
Outside screw and yoke valves, on steam pipe......... 6. eee ceca eee 76 
Outside screw and yoke valves, on water column.............. AO ir ee 2S) 
P 
Pinsan Paes, /\CIAMELAN) OF ss koe revece O ANete wie ws eval vane co eladete walle taenaie Te Ger 55 
Pipes, bottom blow-off and fittings, existing installations...... Tae ee 93 
bottom) blow-ol and) fittings... heating bollerst:. cas emrcielee eerie ale cies 86 
bottom blow-off) and, \fiitings ipower potlers.). vicious sicisie plaice avetaneianue nts 77 
Feed VG GGT We oie ieisei oss Go eiieii legal lalte tele lstel eis lalte Remena la ieatauat ctl (AL ame ema ae 
FAY SLOAN SSP AGO Ns rae whe alate tallellnt tetvelensh mbote akc delieteieuaheten cinieita: pena aban Pye yf 
MAIN SEGAM, VW ValVES)/ OT) ste cieecs eee a ais 0:\%,'o wie heleceire ere: SMA MiS cater tayele tetra 76 
ori nipple number)-otithreads into; Mtn gee wee eel seers ms op cas cee 76 
or nipple; ‘numberof threads into. fitting, tables ey siecle eucisie clisue cali 68 
BULLaAcGeH1G6 weOiM sca. PAGEL Se isthe lee lee el be We ne llaale teeta eye eta tie eas eee nae oes 76 
CHYrEaAdS, MINIM UIA VNUMOET TOLM ee sere ie leneie lel e eisie reer eile ele hehe oaictett osha eaeeee 68 
WALA POM ,| GIT, ALLEL BS Sieh shovels [este vale elle teal atetele ven iis Canwest meee 78 
PADI ON MTOR CII Gena oie talieltevegtie liay a lablaaie veh eile dielia tpiecialin Neal tat Rt errata! ene he et (eUaUCRR Le i Seen TG 
PCCD OS LEVEES | \oil0, leks oss is: ous le a. alae ROM Nate oecial ed enaTa ie ee mua UN eb eedM ET WN ay Oe a a 44 
OE WLIVEEA Maia slecene: cualledet Guo ar wllesietel oie cate reeleete as Sys URE aaa (aks NETRA RA MSSM, ee 95 
OLIASCA VSPOOLER {RT sei eo Siena ie tale hresea he fs Suereh otras: el ca VT ellne tees fo Rd te tos cae ne 50 
OL GSTAV POLES! EADLS Mi lore Cie sialic ie rene netecaN lala telecine Mamet ev eet etka) ey te OSA ea a 51 
OL SEBV OULDOS aUlsey VAIS ia teicostey direeiiale nee leita ira leila: oll vel asten elie sie tevteleattyice: ole meee re ee ee 59 
Plan ine sed Ces (Oli Platess aise lion cael so, clei Stas oh eleue retelenel shetle kehe ete shoe y anenre tain aaeengnE 65 
Platesisteel:| Speciica tions TON. o's eieeleld wis els lu cece wieceisieye sie alle sie cehyliecionsies Leal nie 
Plates, ‘thickness, ‘in*shellor dome iafter’ flanging.. 00.0... sce eee es 9 
minimum thickness.of im a boiler. s). .ck bs ue cele eee SUR AUGER ato BD 9 
minimum thickness of stayed flat surface.........-..+.-0400ses05s AQ 
PSS ETI S TA Lele Nota aire alls tometer’ lal chia Scheele het AMC URC UR ates nollie Gen ROM aTIC CNSR Cte cs nana stinks} 
POW SLU OUMOTS Ne Ue a) eis igual etal esate Colca el atlaiste ailcis HomeieiteeneM UT Migtute Ne lallet (toil Ue tithe CRE: eae 7-80 
Power boiler requirements for certain heating boilers......0........--+. 81 
Pressure allowed soni) cast) iON DOUEXS oes ware lelnieicte ote Gun Wisse eeane hedoeeeine 81 
allowed on shell or drum, formula for existing installations........ SB 
allowed on shell or drum, formula for, power boilers.............. 43 
maximum allowable working, on flat surfaces, power boilers........ 49 
maximum allowable working, Old- POleTS veils ale ie oie eile eels labels et ot itsticnee 89 
maximum allowable working, old boilers steam heating............ 90 
maximum allowable working, heating boilers..............++-+20- 81 
maximum allowable working, on shells, power boilers.............. 43 
Darts Over) Zin y MATErVal OLE alee OMe GANG ereeto) ah nel tana alts ean ctitee aaa 8 
parts yolcsuperheatens, material Of Vis oeieleie ise eels ie oie) s ine teasn naan 8 
Protectan WoL OUMtey east yeti uu vaca ve be even oneirel tute acltelial Se) lite « deco Chis) Scene Maem 2 
PWM DEO. SUPPLY EOCW WATE D es oUt ot siavlelloile ane loh a-olieenel ¢leiteieye ©. ote vers) Reta nemenaa ae 78 
ARS VSL UITLACOS | etals ems: 6 eile is see wis, wipe ims lee et alece ras s/dheliaila't a % olay emell we Neuse ome 63 
R 
Hee el aorsi i Oa IPO ye) ei ar woe eel pie whee kia sel relay SeeME Ne a,c Sh gaia aie eft tel cree 86 
Reinforced threaded openings in shell, heads of drums................. 68 
Relies valves tor: hobwwater ) DOMSTS <i.ts'sis sieiedeie els 0) vive elves le lellewelathed eres tact ae 83 
IORCEYOIES HOTA SERA TM SERINE ¢ fa scliel os Wisi te esloiad weete avetratce ei eicsie Gime a leue ea rtin ielstrema tenets Me 76 
Rings, awaterles/ and, door: trame, (material of so, heel. wets wiles ats aes 8 
Rivetubolesitnish Vand removal (of PUTTS wie s o> sib «a tGceemele ies) 0 eieeieed tte 65 
ATONE BOCTIC ALLO IIS PLOT is. steras wl alo eiahe tet chee oie as are a ed ren ery ig et aye ee 31 
REGO MEPECIII CATIONS LOL b vate thas eile pein shed mass siiod oh oisteiranss piaiee ner dure olay ee ae ae 15 


Riveted joints (See joints) 
Riveting eis cedars eosonenecee ie Coe errr sr eer eeesrereeoeeeseeeseseseeeese 65 


223 
401-405 
364 
308 
314-317 
290 
301 
300 
268 
307 
268 
320 
314-318 
182 
410 
199 
203 
233 
257 
23- 389 
18 
17- 20 
199 
428-430 
1-334 
335 
338 
378 
180 
199 
378-384 
383 
338-340 
179-180 
9 
11 
344 
318 
243 


365 
268 
349-350 
305 
13 
253-254 
121-138 
A0-— 62 


253-256 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 125 


Rivets PAGO PAR 
allowable shearing strength of......... Dee ate cree) MD Rete Cras ges one 8 16 
allowable shearing strength of, existin ee imstallations: seas sess ele 90 886 
eximuime: POuers,’ diameter: off isso. 4 ec Le eee 90 388 
POMUCRCOR ATOR, OF ese) hc ic dd dee vi dd clade tthe eel Ae. 55. 223 
savehesr On) lugs or: brackets. os ales. ticle tds feet bee 79: 325 
imeanwear on Manhole: frames ils) ooo 0 60 ol kode ek ee dek awl 65-7260 
mreueeot and beads for ssh poles ce hed i be tl) Pee eee 65!) 255 
ROMeCITVOM Vist Sa ee as oo Add cee ee dad fT ae Bak Ce 65 256 
ME EM UM BIN igh ole fei oo Pree che Cel aa ead ee ee OE OTE NOR UE 8 8 
Pacomrmretelyvaiy Fiver holes a5 6oe cnc cles had daddedc cn cpaeeeeae 657) 255 

Rolling, ends of shell plates............... See Ue eee aes Phd Pee Dae et | ON: 

Sat & 

afety, factor of 
MeMPeLEE DOL OTE oa hah. al Licnte Bice lel v Wha os: Wald Ha diate aie ane 89 3879 
fom cemiatine lap) yoint, .boilers . so 46 es sels | ted clateae ewe oats 89 380 
DI OT BUGRIALE NO Sis hie S k'se ak cae ok Yee Dee ay SHO 43 180 
Pmmmere PRN LITt ey DONG Ok ech 5 dn On eae eb ceo eee ae atatee te 81 3840 

Safety valves 
Sir wroual onwextsting } installations). «fo es was ode ac eu e ee paawe 91 393 
RM TUS AC IMSLITOT Gl yo) sy wlageld-kodie oelcld alenle erate ere ale We oe a enna ee: 
CAnaeU yw MGULOC OL) CHECKIN S's. oars uc. w aio ch aid abel alah sli) dal als euteh oan ae 107 422-427 
Ran NecniGnse quexistl imo") POMeM Seva raveed ices sh a ele Vu daha) ates ale, Cite oiled came ay Sa 91 394 
COmMOCH ON ate UGa tim PUN DOMECY Ri waste f asai cs ataoreh ho aile) veh moda laters eal a erates 83) 347 
connections, power boilers ........ APOIO sre al a je vale eee eon hata wvo nano y & 

280 

289-290 
CODSUPUCH OME rsterere his;s: hi ajern e) 8's wiecs wes avayetiabant te au G Glave. Slav bhey eh ebtlar amen aruoale 74 282-287 
Pe BumOnOttom Ned Linen DOLlebm wut: a4 a ive slain oiakelg aiele cscuslale lal waned aiate alate 84 356-358 
BaischarcoMcapacity, existing howers:. . v2. oh elds osha lad le dates 91 391-392 
MiscnArecm Capacitven DOWEL) DOerS. . ss. < soilalc Mls de abate clale gala wh arene 68 270-274 | 
MierMiarromenmaGluy wuGa OOM OL. cy Aes cl. a vine. 6 ee ole 6b ooh aang ce aaMalions 70-72 
COL CMETIT OMELOTMyE remy eietiuaue ethene gave ghaid s! dled! @dlalalertica his, elaieh a enn ar Ae MSs aeAdies 
Bacio PSM LOr A CX1IStiNO ITLStAUMALIONG,s..\<cce as cela sl e'e miele clavelernlel anaes 91 394 
SxcapuMMipow On Metin | DOMES 2 47s \2\lis ae cc) dala s aoa evel n uate queue ann 83 355d 
PUM ve TMC TT GOULET Sheds iin vec late as, es 5 hwiane Sata Ss alee algla wee ale Ma Soe o 
Homes CUMEL mT S ha ler ELON Si alphas (ay Wray alesis’ 9, 014s auth ee ale a guelete tke Hlaearata aver aie 91 889-394 
Pemmire ar ivnenu Olen cammelerniers Silay Wiehe ke Lala lale ace eee latguawelele torrets Suey 83 847-360 
PAMROM MAMA TOAST ATOM WD OMETS ad erc ta c's ote «clea lee eo Se dee alae tiuiele sete 85 360 
CyMITUM MERLOT wares emer g eea at taralg al a's. sealife: eis 5 6 aialia te ea Analg a aa a LOT! 42%: 
OSIM ON Oa tITl Me DOME TSsia te clei ere laid &, csele ls, a jolar-e) a diie: aty enaitallohabelubnatead ann 83-84 351-358 
Meuron of» COMpUbine Amd CHECK MY o/s. oe 6 on: 0) dk olds create neavasiode hohe 107 421-427 
method of computing and checking, existing installations........... 91 391-392 
VOILA ITSM OTR MeN aMeTS cave gh yt Vartattate etal st slic? eer aim fal'eicali at ollwh sve ear ien alvantn atten eibactan anal teers 73. 279 
imino mr ons NEXistins | IMStallations's ci a aie si aiislss ata. cunlass’ ac: slvienea'ss aia ohwla cals 91 394 
RRO UV THU OOTLET SS Nr al taila jar ws oi al te aalay ota) aja ahajat eral aivad)s. alsa) Sailsh ebay Mesa) lotiatval 8) abla a igetooel gs 68 269-290 
OC MAO MMOL MO OLLOINE <i Hi faye eeu May os teteua: alin lg, sha: Gretta anal! on alecioneialidl Sipe muubarecetens 68 269 
Fenuimed on! boiler, existing, imetallations’.\). .sisie «ee ysis) Seb eeel eu epavilcetien s 91 390 
TOMUULOd MONE NALIN VDOIMCES © ar. ears apa heise) eleics suet Spay ene sical iateven ey ayetsies 83 348 
Bie SMO MeN NS tea cle ahd ara nat ica shar tla: oo tells Psp ake te nats Per A NULL eats 69 272 
Rete RO GANCALUT OR DOICTS is iopiciee ais) cls om !ave a ale. « nile. a avacaner aronGMalemamer Soeiatee sy raite $4). 357 
COS JMS a a a dea Vash a Sle ena ai ¢-% oy sLehe Ant eG Naito Ree aoat tte any 68 271-281 
Perey MOXIST INS INSTALLATIONS. Wis 6.04 6 4s ela ale op a tose dla sated ee 4 9) OL 890 
setting of, existing installations, heating boilers.................4. 83 5348 
ine MAMHIIES, NEBtING ; DOTMOETS oe. oie tie ks olen alee mieloone: mnie ay mE UlaR Nii ell nea 83 851 
PS RRte WutrOWen, «DODGERS. 4 6, let ai! «5 a 0) ds 0: ow ahale eens are mrebane op ohhaion & an 69 272 
BEEMP TT CORIE LG NaC ao, sijer areas ee # Sa) ecgun Hiker Ae, © alah el sigyn sya Sem fabled elegy ore ate 69 2783 
stamping of, heating boilers. ..... 22.20.02. eee cee c eee ree eeas SAB bY. 
RTBU CANN ae cs svanie pe gh tlnah i 4 bursa wile remedial Hava lone e eRelay amt Orne 74 288-289 
txbleunt) for beating boilers...) eee he ce ea ee ee 5 he Ue 84 356 
PERG OLEAN eee hoe oot eke iciesign suivant: sie scaleoviy saiyiets ete e ase ne sam spe dene TSU 2TS 


testing of existing imstallationS........sesseesecceceseceeeeeee. G1 ‘391 


126 INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGH 
Saw-tooth type'of butt and double strap joint... Jn. dosha Ameen 103 
Screwed, Stags, SUPPOLD (OL PAs s behave hes he te eee iets Mena ee elie ae eae ena 54 
Seamless ‘tubes, ) Specincations For oe ek a a i ee ae ee 40 
DEATH OG SALOU VALVES) Vin oss (se Joc a) bee isles io deus teat le joie re elie de itis Welea nie Lee en 69 
Second shand (boilers ii). j. cis sche ets iia vio fesse iallatoce cous talte'he dane kaie Suteieks | eae aCe eae 90 
Sections of east iron, to be tested........ PU MPNMEMEM ER Kr DL genet h git a | 87 
Segment, area to be stayed.......... Bile -alecay sualauets techve, siiebele AA -< feps ieNeN anee 53 
OL MSs ba MOE WLR MEM ens Wale Win vel uane eters a Tecate ce ie sete tate leuete tetas geiko ue tee eee 53 
method of determining net areas, water tube Dates acetone pe gels cc eoueas eae 53 
Segmenis, table of ......... SP TRUE gine hatnedestaer ue shions cits wa Conga aie thii> bn 106 
Seleoslon won wn aberaal Me wee, ele lee foleledeieleieleibieds ce eceus aie\opiacleLiey'e ladlogleg ais SEIU ea ak RM i 
Serial WMMMBPOT We Wimeis oie lelele te nlelleteie terse eee teieis lake erevehe miei ate tetera mba ne ile tte ariE 79 
Betting of ssatetyw Valves «\elek ores ce tevenehe eae eee ieee bee eel Bue) RENE eect he eaten as 68 
of safety valves, existing installations..... Scheie wis os els Gin eicinn Una 91 
of safety valves, existing installations, heating boilers.............. 83 
Setting, method of, . wet , bottom, heating. boilers.....c..00 0.80. Po ek RA 86 
Setting.) method , of) web) bottom, powe4x, DOUETS....escuscexce. leh svareteieliolcrane Stele eee 79 
Sebtimige RESINS DOU es ji Ls) sere vededs hewoushencdoveve teks be he kee he Pemede he re beten state le tene eam 86 
Seti ess TPO Wer MOMS ess 8 osc cle ele a cote carve! etic ie batalla Weuloriat Rene ketene Tee ee 78 
Shearing strength of rivets..... pi evohionisalesions Ved ob etotlendbemelisingBe the neuen s Seung MRR ee eas 8 
Shearing strength /of, rivets,) existing, imstallatioDs.iscscccrceverelece cular lee udlevele 90 
Shell or drum, longitudinal joints of..... oho ah Oral ROT aN ARSE atk RS Nene 45 
or drum, to determine alowable pressure on, new boilers........... 43 
or drum, to determine allowable pressure on, existing boilers........ 89 
plate; HPsekmass oli eF oie ae Vises eas Wale a a alaLe POM re ele gr 9 
Shute valves)on. ‘water colimm » pipes! hii) Selene ccs ewes eee ee erte eee ate eae 75 
Shapimaspection of heating’ boilers. eeu ee ee ee ark Ale eels Gos eee eee 87 
Sisss He lanved fittings; tables o</digle Ss a eevduata wa anayatalaiatale lilera arden aes 110-111 
SY aN 215: ak nh OA PAR Me MU eee AU Ll Jaye ea UM OOR EN Vu Ome Te lO Cy TMM eh Cea 60 
Speciitations: for oray) iron | castimgeyis s 5 \sjaisls edn Lele Rint eee ee 26 
tap welded and) seamless boiler, tubes 2uua 76 uss Waki ee a 40 
matervaly heating) Doilers: 5 2/2'S\ cin aad ra mi ois nek GU ay oe ANE CURON URL ROTC te 81 
mintlea bio: castiges yous su, ee eel e Se rangi aaced ViatomOntel tog SPCR Soke Me etna 29 
2M. 1-12) See cee CREAR OLN DNB NENT COs SCL ei bec tL Gt aes LAS 11 
réinedtavranughp Lon, Davy ais'4 salsa aa aiais obo eaees bee Sue cee ee SAUL Mere we vee 37 
PRACT MOTD Gs fcuiey cbbsdiouion eyipd'sniek oh oheemicttedion elcid ag on ease enh Robe Re MN MEV EC HLW CULM CUR] al Nene yes Men 31 
SPAMB OW BEB OL) Cy haa ae og kta lata ila Le tg en 25 
Shey THOTT ATO TN iid ie oh ee anid ah eal hia eat a I ds ED a ah ee ee 84 
SBR ORE) SECO R fo ess sol Se ie gents Spanley Sed ta onl ow AF CUA ea UME ACV AWC LOS I 19 
SEG T TT Re Sele ares tea ay UUM iat a abate OC ans giant eal a Mh 19 
steel castings....... ee ee eee St eel aiahe Sli 4: ye Ree one 22 
Siamapime OTs A SL Bats ve is to to hs oo tee te be nea eng LARP ER a a 79 
Stamps, A. BUM. WY sid. loca tiem obs cists Meee AN) AeA ph eRe 80 
Stamps indt ito becavered by /insulation 2 Wy yaya a alee eel op Fo Wie ot !aieee chia lchy Seat 80 
Stamps, to be visible on shell plates, furnaces sheets and heads......... 79 
Stay bolted surface, to compute allowable pressure on.............--... 49 
Stay bolts 
adjacent: to, edges .of, stay-bolted isurface eel ees Lk. Se ee ls 51 
jadzyacent to, furnace door ,or other opening.) oe dink OW Ok 52 
etigacenh tO) LULU GG: JOUG: Ki b.1, DOU T sy cto piel el ow of-oi/ 47a ot red ue eon eee ERS 60 
Hiameter of, law measured Si o's 5 2) 7a Sia Gia 'e) on arlor don area glee eae ete cena 52 
PSEES OEMS USOC Tae Wiel ahd a alatdelar atk alaitel of dal pileA tah a's al Sha el aghtwaleatah haat Mea Eee 50 
BPVOS LOM UNM bee He Lc Louie iesasips woe ited Ce Ia oa GEIL Nis IR RY Siete eee 52 
vier, wane GIicatiomg VOT foe's vi Zl ele le avers Wow. a's s)'el el0/e'/e sme RSIAUMIN Ny -S kane ite ts 34 
NONE aad a AM OAR Ne MEU Ua epee MRO} E ie at er chisel ft co feria ok oh eadea MRD, RCN Rente Hd 
fnaxinanin: allowable stress some Jia ia aa oii: siienioe a hia oi aiansuarala cielo ale Pale eee A 
14167 1G) 35 UREA eR OE SEIU AUS ESE SUPE Tur SORE ur SUN Aga cor kc ae US. 49 
Bteel, eepeciicatiams LON 2). Viely 3 ode Cece sie neh MUA mC RIAN ele pinta miele enti 19 
tables) of allowable Joad on.........6.. Pov as jsisig sats oi fete RO NSMST ed acer a RENN Re 104 
Stayed Wane MpTAceayiSURLaces)/ sii /x/cnisd wish diaalads ShalM ieee al sislvelaceee aul voles iamenemebette 49 


Stayed (Hay wsuwLaGe ol ie ese Mikow be Sil Ldih a dead) Ade did wate ete eM eNE te |e cae 49 


PAR. 
AIT 
219 
164-178 
272 
381 
372 
214-217 
213 
215 
420 
1- 13 
332 
271 
390 
348 
369 
326 
369-371 
823-328 
16 
386 
187-190 
180 
378 
17- 20 
293 
375 


235-236 
95-110 
164-178 
336 
111-120 
23~ 39 
151-153 
121-138 
40— 62 
139-150 
63 
64— 76 
77 94 
332 
333 
334 


331 


199 


205 
206 
238 
208 
200-202 
211 
210 
139-150 
7 
220 
199-204 
638 
418-419 
199-233 
199 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES 


PAGH 
ICR ORs SE SUL EE Cec ha Cun eh Ce tees ce eee ee an OS 
heads h.r.t. boiler 36 in. or less diwiieeel MYser ere aera, aleanet che ahem eka ere! 56 
SPINEL atts bin Ainie'a. Sg W'W/ a. Uta Hey alien falas oie ole dite rc ote edie 49 
eg dita CGR UI aC RASS dilly EA AAD AD Mil ool arty i ebatdt Tipie Rig bata aA ur 52 
segments of heads Merle iaielial mracecen gallate eevebee shal aan apaustettatnarea moe ociray alc Se 
segments of heads with manhole opening.................0200008 54 
Stay-rods, ends riveted over, to be supported: ............ 00.00 eee 54 
Stay-tubes’ .....350...% Seater ati a Gy ale eP Lares Cheraseh aay cha eliavar eusi a Nerathaama een tana er aie 58 
SE WAE DOES BU PIPOOTN. 60 UL en cue as ee es caiman aa ue ae 86 58 
SLrUsseneCHOMaly Ares InVCAlewla tine $6 MU te ER Ce eer aes 52 
Gimeonal and ‘gusnet,” Stresses Wi i ae ee en secu s theese 54 
Mee cemunn GUOWADIG” BITORG Te ees ec we yo alee weiss eles 54 
BU RR Ee Sheree es ohel Sie ve leh ale, fale re Atal erer el te wtcrarerat kl ere a Tuahe tere aiaie aie 60 
TUNES ROL PALO We lo TOG OM aac: aise ae elgie oe) iio ls ee bd iota ieee stole les 104 
PACA MOP TSU DONO OL Gc cseie) dialer ein tia ec ahatater gla aie ciate aol are eraier, Wie 54 
SVESSO UU COLE LATOAULLT Yi rs iepe Cr cneieme rete ay aa Alig MURINE ay ttn gigs Deu aa YArert, 52 
end stay-bolts,allowable stress! OE Re Sal Weaken BLO atthe ey et MPa PERE CL AGE ae Rally 54 
and stay-bolts, table of allowable stress om... ............0 eee 104 
Steam gage and connections, existing installations: .................2.. 92 
Cavopand  connectidus (heating bolarsesic8 Woe Ce eae steal aeeve ne ee 85 
Pace and, connections; power boilers’, Var 4A St See tans olesecn ¢ 75 
heating boilers,‘ existing installations. . 2... ee eee 90 
SONS TEYS ets engl IARC! AEM ERR AN AD AS AR ASR LS LA Senha Ea Ramco aie A Mae 76 
SIM On Se TOSCL VOLTS OTL" 4 tis) ety si eie ure: wee ss ai tise ae GE SR Ee RRR RA eee DS 76 
Outlets! Geist 55% Ait Soe A ARAL AON A Re S| eM i Ae A Se A AN Ch 76 
OMEOIS PF OXISUTT MN STARLONN wae tesla oe eee es SEEN ES EN Rare tuNce « 92 
Steel HATA MLGE DOUCET HALiG ten the hee Khe ee CE Dk SIR ROM Oe Bee ATS 7 
castings, specifications for ........... ANA Ay AS Ah Sak Mull ag hair aed 22 
Crushing strengtit Ole platess.4% wt isa st ARR RCE AACA Seip Pie: 
Pon erIeteT BDOCIRCAMONS (TOE A kN eee ee ee ee 
PoPesiavepolst SDCCINCALIONS TOF. cds cs Ae Heck on bee oe eee ees oles 19 
plates exposed to fire ..... A itachi Ni cite td AM SUR Dh SO TC MES Re ie REE peas A Ab ke 7 
plates when firebox quality not specified................ cee ceee : fi 
Prarcne Sea rire StKOMOLI OD hi etre Ss Se SMS AE Ake a aly gl ghee 8 
EAI SUA PT DOLIBGT fone tars it Ie Sic case o ah erage a cree a dla lat ee ele luie 49° 
tensile »strengtht of; ‘existing installations: : 35:3) 45 0202008 eo 90° 
wrought or cast, for boiler and superheater parts: ...........63..4. 8 
DER RCr nm SIS ren gy Ol A at 8 eRe Norge ew es 8 
UES PDOUCEE ORAS 1 ai ss A Se OR La Re aA a 81 
PR UCUNCHEON A OEE RAL SL ONL Rs ec Nata ge eg welale o 
emeeeceranc mirongir Ole aie eo. asks ee eo, eae 8 
Stop valves (See valves) ; 
RE RNeMeICC MOL VGQUAL, WIG sos cin tclokid's cate seat cae s Gees a atemie waees 103 
SSCTHTTERY, ALOPERS IS KER IL2 FICO 2 6a Qe ESSE eas i i a BS ad or Ale i eR gr 103 
rere PCE TOR (CET DEG er Ie ma ary NIG ea a AIA UEM RUN Ni tee ene ke rave late ia sg ta ions “76 
ETC ESR HRM Haan € 8 RAT OPM eC AMON JET Ae aids ete as 74 
PAPE eA LI TIPS RE ts scat p atone testenur Grea sitet Teta Oa te aie tata NG NG RUMOR NO a eg at 64 
Superheaters and mountings,’ material for......... ah eh le td BRAS Baek 
ommerece metminds. Of, for) oilers.) 33.6 faye oe gis oc tie eee sie bbe ece aslo a 78 
SUEBEOUENOL StRVS,: CDAS iTiveted) “OVER 8 os sigeln ce ule alee diershd Mia olelaine sisi ke @ 6 54 
EEO WOLE se Stes Ne Se Ree ae Cee Seog A a aa SR eS PNY ha, 2°76 
Suspended type of setting hirsts DGUSTEHA SOLES whee ee le Reve et rats TAN ie, 
il 
Table of angles for ‘staying heads: :.. 0.5. ccc eee eee eee eee ee 56 
constants’ for «pitch ‘of stay «tubess...... 2c ees eee eee eee eens eees 59 
discharge heaped -of: spring-loaded safety valves..........2200-: 69-70 
71-72 
flange fittings» inthhaied bas abesas esa SAWS ai biboeid bos 8 ee NNO LO 
flange fittings, extra aces PM ed SR SES AAT ORR SS SPT Te CAPS 111 


127 


PAR, 
222 
225-229 
196 
212 
213 
218 
219 
232-233 
230 
209 
221-222 
224 
220 
235-236 
418-419 
219 
211 
220 
418-419 
398 
361 
296-298 
383-384 
305 
305 
301 
399 

6 

77- 94 
15 
40— 62 
63 
2 
3 
16 
199-212 
385 
il 
15 
335-340 
23— 39 
14 


417 

417 

306 

288-289 

251-252 
11- 12 

323-326 

219 

307 

324 


225 
233 


128 INDEX. TO COMPLETE RULES 

PAGH 
Table of maximum allowable pitch of stay-bolts, ends riveted.......«..- 51 
maximum allowable stresses for stays and stay-bolts..... i> iosis =e et ee 
minimum pipe threads for boiler connections..............+0--ee008 68 

NOG PATER NOL FREZINOLUBS soca os ihiuie raise iG ils lo NEG. ote Blanca eal ie ta uhi ie av ta lemeiees - 106 
round braces or atay rods allowable loads...........0..0cceeeeces 105 
sizes of safety valves, heating boilers. .... 00.6. ccs ccc ce ncce cehes 84 
Sizes vol pTivets, existing HoUers ye 6 bi as wd Vie caine aes Be ee 90 
stay-bolts, allowable loads, 12 threads any ING a arelercaets icietehelenetanentee - 104 
stay-bolts, allowable loads, 10 threads per inch...............- oe eRe, 
EHIPRNORE NOL DUGG HELE DGs bles o Ub oerdte clone eats dare ha: bib deuce ae i Brees 2a te 
Tensile strength of steel or wrought iron, existing imstallations......... - 90 
Tensue wBtren eth. Of Stee) PEALE. 8). m eae. oe nis sn oe ose pth in Sle eile atial'e ele Sie ED 8 
Test) hydrostatic, Of existing installations... .6 52. soe ok melon © a Moe 93 
hedrastatic” pl Heating “POMErss's (oc co 5:54 4 alnls be 4 og oie weld «ee oe elena 87 
BUATORtALIC. COL) POWSE “DOUETS oo oia\s ib ie'sis\nn o'o ¥pe ve ope miele kien g eee 79 

of safety. valve, existing installations. ...........-..5 cs veces cue “ape 

Of ysatety swalve, “power Dower, 652.05. aie’ os oe Wiaweslate ante se Ge "3 

of steam gage ........ Fh wie im intln'in ire eta Sarl balie ie We pat dda Acted fel 75 
gage, connection for ..... Bak ads eo i0' oe se es Do he anise inne te da ke yte Ree hel tattoos Nee eee otto tO 
Thermometers on hot water boilers........ Baty lia de da ie le dalie devine ves Pua wewets Bere Vics 
Thiekness of ;corrupated,: or Tibbed furnace. 5. oe 6. ole eHs/wileile ie dpilele lolol ml suacene 64 
TEQIITOON SOT, DOME, DIALES <6 calels aipin leis ia lois tele sieusaenedelsieialcdmienn ie ees A i) 

» required, for butt straps 2... cece ee esos sce ter tps reneicniene we 9 
required for dome plates after flanging..............0. cee cveees 9 
required for shell plates..... ap\ot a f.W''b Slim op eile ible oye Vita as ete il ee see 
required for tube sheets..... site: Bins Aree Rebar yy AA N 9 
POCMIFER GeOT TUDO 5 nb alee ip is! sein! win’ pie alo 0 wiih we Pie hm: ike eee REAL liste t Hae) 
Threaded! OPOBINES © sc leis ls oiaise aiells kpiels ells oisisia iar Ievetele irutiaite|s Ais eae eee: aan 68 
Mhreadswpiparor ;-AIppPle BANCO, NGbing es svisrels) eoigielais ois a tice eae teeta ete 76 
Threads, table SNS ‘ove any eis, elie leila ret Geran es, ble bus twlibyeneite cote fovte: On ereae Rte: Bene as Brew xe! 
Die LOR LUBIDIO VIDIUES di5 sieheiele| dies te ites le oceis | sia Uso uA Tk aaa eae eee ont ae 113 
Truncated cones, maximum allowable working pressure on............. 58 
abe ends See BADE | DOUCET olive a csc: o's ole p50 6 So ak bie Spe se colle aera ee 64 
ends, wafer tube boilers Hnd,‘SUPCTHeAatersy ss iclacslsiese bon eae eieipariar ese 64 

TOR MUSE PIU esis Lice toler lus Gace bat eek RUPE AL Uren i ee eae 118 
heads, upper, staying segments of by steel angles............e-0e- 56 
heade of i water, tube? boiletaw ii... sis cisteile Gomis boss hee ee ae De 
OLAS Hana ONS He wie sisticle oly aie Mt uiea, pice dalla) 6 dl potas ip ol levis. dui dely sade ete pe ae et a a oN 
noes, diagonal, “in shell or: drums eee ek ok oe ake lee 47 
Holes in panel! Or ATW sis ie USL eligi slely, Gilde eee inte ble ele le oe Ui eae «| PAB: 
holes, sharp edges to be removed........ elaveve eiler site a ere ell feile tote katate 64 
Bheats of: combustion chambers. 5. |. oss + piss se 04k wc 0\oa he wie 59 
Beets, HIMIMIMUM VEhICKMERS VOL icikiniee Celene leis ieee ie ie emer kee aU 9 
sheets, space allowed unstayed between tubes and between tubes and shell 53 
Tubes for, fire-tube boilers, thicknesses Of.......0cccscceccwececceeseeuy 10 
for water-tube boilers, thicknesses of..........:- oy aie te aoe Cue 10 
lapwelded and seamless, specifications for..............e.ee:+22. 40 
OTOP MILO SE is aisle elags! aialbes Wie nee rebie a's mete cai eg Cee 10 

BEAT) en wis miele dere wiwiaia wy.s wih bea oe wale WL ek Wcaln aicsibr hin aee coud © ele foo ju toh END 

Vv 

Malves wautomatic, On Walter BIAGA 6. ules /oibieic ea bv Wie cle wie Sle ere vate G ele 75 
automatic non-return stop :......... AY OR ed eh ee hey greed er 76 
Gxira (heavy, ost) Dotom s Plow OE 4 Kies cea 4 cee sine nes eek ere eae ik 
OxITR NEAYY) WON MAAN SLOAM PIE «5 v4 6 0k pd oie a wie insa a wie elle houle aces 76 
Bione, motte “peased on hlow-o i.e Ws vie ek ew 4 ww cle el elae 4 pif 
BAGS (Ot POO DIT ati ees Tee GUN, tila asl hi Lek rae a ORG ty 

DORM ELAUR DENT NE Ac yi cle Mn fol) dhe Urn N cl ce gia Peters meas RE af 

on bottom blow-off, existing installations............. bgtay<Saat peta <a eis 

ON MOVEPVELERIN POULIOL He wielic ose el olee eibldt ey eRele cle tisk iltaat ie a eet aera ae lg 

Dir at OCG ANNES Ui aige, ial tel 5) ihre ta Une diate WIRE la Araghee, steel © Beis: bate bedteginy pe 

on feed pipe, existing installations. She ity RTENGS Sse Oly 3 sige eG tel ae 93 


14 
408-409 
372-375 
329-330 
391 
275 
298 
298 
363 
244 
17 
19 
18 
18 
20 
21-22 
268 
300 
268 
428 
231 
250 
252 
429 
225-229 
215 
248-252 
193 
192 
249 


164-178 
21- 22 
232-233 


292 
303 
311 
302 
308 
314 
308-311 
401-403 
301 
317 


406 


INDEX TO COMPLETE RULES — 


PAGH 
aves OT OAIODHPKY! LLODtA yd ssc sed uid aero Slee mee Octo Miah labld y kis waiaiarey (28 
on Lamphrey fronts, existing installations. ..........0.e0ee00: Sadie 
outside screw and yoke type, on steam pipes............-.- Pr ae aaa wth ce 


outside screw and yoke type, on water column....... 
safety [See safety valves) 


BEG ein reas Qyetanave stg dig lela Sia aubaral ana ya wilemens i MR ES EN Pip REDS Maree Or eng aa) 
Q0Op se drains fon Noe cate o AT IEG TS dete ac WEN Poy nmr atest eR Chad. yr al ie iatlee aaa 
Bue Oriel ata eather eee Nba dt ale lo laa maha etal aaa SM eieihil De 
Atop, existing’ Installations; Grains s Vo isiaisisis « 4)/e\d isi erecwa eres volmia eos) sales 92 


WELCH VOUELS WW LUTRACES [OL wlale a's iureajieie eo atlaanlalle ate a Glgneieue alaibd aateruie Serene BO 
SLE ne” DUET. MANGIA IN wale esl o aiar ss ake ivevaue Rane alate com atvla le a tala uag 67 
fire-tube boiler, waterleg and door frame ring.........eseeeeraeees 8 


Ww 
Washout holes, hot water boilers............ AUP e aR Eee OM aVaaalen Keel later dh asaleniiit ee 
Washout holes, power boilers......... Pee NOCH RU SCA fA UIC A 67 
Water column and connections, existing installations..............0.006 92 
column and connections, heating boilers.). 0.3.0.5. e et ee eee 86 
column);and) connections,’ power! boilers.) oy.) s ko a a id oe adie 75 
Eolumin and connections, power boilers. iyi ee es 6 ale) s ie a ane Sie 78 
glass and gage cocks, location of, power boilers..............0.4- 75 
glass, automatic valves not allowed..... ARIST GARG PA EAT tect As er eo 8 75 
SPARES ERISUIMO VIMStALAGLONUS)\Wilelie, «) a 'e\ Si ei elianias a elaisiigt e) 40s: le olism ieee les eval elit 92 
DIME MOM MORES L DHOLIOLS 10, Uva ia: sare tially ian dale s dd sipiintetsie leit Slaveltele sale Ae 86 
maltatuvalves 10M Obs WALLET | DOTLELS ici. aie cts col etie) ¢iduaiaile le ulieve ella elmicigials 3 
renee Pi OM CATALOL IL Ol, do alae 4) oh Ga coie «soa d mie lsinre oltcd ie eral cade GIA eld aw gle 8 
Water tube boilers 
GRAS TOT MAOLT MORUCESUOL gi a's ate dio Sank eae Bie ou ae RM luproidl obdccalgugiata's auetats 64 
IRE GE ODE) OTGE Up sia'< aig ei h aielataleera: Urea) sia adi ViWneaalara da iy eat abe & ale 64 
RRRCRTIGHGOM? GL SUDO OL) 'n'e vale o 'slm aa did d pleiainy ay Nis ella Bie acelecn lai ale 10 
SWroiene OF TOASt: BLCOL PHTES Go yl oi kn eis aie g fake 6 wit te Vie oN elRl shee aia 8 
VOILE MOLES eralcle! a alavals tala elgtelerelesel eysis/eis <i) alieleye: e lavale aia. shel quia le kerse arrelte (9 45 
Se TERME LYS Mon ereL dal oer alia ala aN pen SPB Waliatl ge Neila ets dalla el Wyeiial er até) ae fel aha tal'tare esas 52 
Wet bottom boilers, height from floor line. ..........00 ee cece eee ene 79 
Wet bottom boilers, height from floor Jine, heating boilers.............-. 86 
Working pressure, maximum allowable 
existing installations ...... SUAVE PCP oa Vc unaaey e MP MD al OM IRE Capes 4 MaiPal lc betel a veri ci 89 
PAWEL OTOL SE lactis wel sretbetee a atl antc eta la: 4 'o''eltallanelaslolialla wiaelisus aibeitel acas eigte ste 43 
Bteamieand hot water, DOMES, aieieis)s +.4.cr. vie)», wlslafiers) sie raise ie e/elisleue ei 6 ¢ jane 81 


Wrought iron (See iron) 
Wrought steel (See steel) 


129. 


PAR. 
319 
407 
301 


293 


301-304 
803-304 
399 
400 
237-238 
264 

13 


845 

265-267 

397 

368 

295 

320-322 

291-292 

292 

395 

366 

349-350 
13 


246 
25Y 
21 
9 
186 
209 
326 
569 


378-384 
179-180 
838-340 


bly Sap 1 
PH age alee ew ee 
Avie hy) is { ¥ f 


bl al). 
; sui 
a4 


